Romero-Munguía Miguel Angel
Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr, Samuel Ramírez Moreno, Autopista México-Puebla Km 5,5 Col, Santa Catarina, Del, Tláhuac, CP,13100, México City, México.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Oct 17;7:20. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-7-20.
Autism is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communicative capacity and behavioral flexibility. Some cognitive theories can be useful for finding a relationship between these irregularities and the biological mechanisms that may give rise to this disorder. Among such theories are mentalizing deficit, weak central coherence and executive dysfunction, but none of them has been able to explain all three diagnostic symptoms of autism. These cognitive disorders may be related among themselves by faulty learning, since several research studies have shown that the brains of autistic individuals have abnormalities in the cerebellum, which plays a role in procedural learning. In keeping with this view, one may postulate the possibility that declarative memory replaces faulty procedural memory in some of its functions, which implies making conscious efforts in order to perform actions that are normally automatic. This may disturb cognitive development, resulting in autism symptoms. Furthermore, this mnesic imbalance is probably involved in all autism spectrum disorders. In the present work, this theory is expounded, including preliminary supporting evidence.
自闭症的特征是社交互动、沟通能力和行为灵活性受损。一些认知理论有助于找出这些异常与可能导致该疾病的生物学机制之间的关系。这类理论包括心理理论缺陷、弱中央统合和执行功能障碍，但它们都无法解释自闭症的所有三种诊断症状。这些认知障碍可能通过错误学习相互关联，因为多项研究表明，自闭症患者的大脑在小脑中存在异常，而小脑在程序性学习中发挥作用。按照这一观点，可以推测在某些功能中陈述性记忆取代了错误的程序性记忆，这意味着要做出有意识的努力来执行通常是自动进行的动作。这可能会干扰认知发展，导致自闭症症状。此外，这种记忆失衡可能涉及所有自闭症谱系障碍。在本研究中，阐述了这一理论，包括初步的支持证据。
