Durán de Alba Luz María, Roa Castro Francisco Miguel
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Angeles Lomas, México DF, México.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2008 Oct;59(8):367-70.
Laryngeal cancer is the most frequent head and neck cancer. Considerable geographic differences exist in its incidence by gender. In Spain, there is male predominance (>90%). Numerous authors have documented exposure to tobacco and/or alcohol as the main risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Gastroesophageal reflux, genetics, occupational factors and also human papilloma virus are also cited.
The present study involved 43 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and 130 healthy control subjects. The goal was to establish the frequency affecting both sexes and to identify the risk factors of those born in Spain but living in Mexico. Odds ratios (OR) for each risk factor were analyzed using univariate analysis.
A considerable predominance of laryngeal cancer was found in males (90.6%). Tobacco (OR=6.56) and alcohol consumption (OR=3.04) are significant risk factors with a multiplier effect. Gastroesophageal reflux does not show any significant OR. Occupational exposure had a significant OR=37.28.
The main advantage of this type of studies is the ability to design strategies to modify the risk factors. Male predominance and risk factors were no different from other findings reported in Spain, except for the considerable risk relating to occupational exposure.
喉癌是最常见的头颈癌。其发病率在性别上存在显著的地域差异。在西班牙，男性占主导地位（>90%）。众多作者已将接触烟草和/或酒精记录为喉癌的主要危险因素。胃食管反流、遗传因素、职业因素以及人乳头瘤病毒也被提及。
本研究纳入了43例被诊断为喉癌的患者和130名健康对照者。目的是确定影响两性的发病率，并识别出生于西班牙但生活在墨西哥的人群的危险因素。使用单因素分析对每个危险因素的比值比（OR）进行分析。
喉癌在男性中占相当大的比例（90.6%）。烟草（OR = 6.56）和饮酒（OR = 3.04）是具有倍增效应的显著危险因素。胃食管反流未显示出任何显著的OR值。职业暴露的OR值显著，为37.28。
这类研究的主要优势在于能够设计出改变危险因素的策略。男性占主导地位以及危险因素与西班牙报告的其他研究结果并无差异，只是职业暴露相关的风险相当高。
