Shimizu Yuya, Karamatsu Katsuo, Matsubara Akihiro, Yasutomi Yasuhiro
Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation.
Nihon Rinsho. 2008 Oct;66(10):1915-21.
The enhancement of immune responses to vaccine antigen by adjuvants is critical for prevention of infectious disease. Here, we summarized the current status of adjuvant development and adjuvant categories like mineral salts, oil emulsion, and microorganism-derived adjuvants. Our resent study suggested that Ag85B of mycobacteria, which cross-reacts among mycobacteria species, elicits helper T-cell type 1 (Th1) immune responses as a novel adjuvant. These responses were enhanced in mice sensitized by BCG before vaccination. Since most humans have been sensitized by spontaneous infections or by vaccination with mycobacteria, these findings indicate that Ag85B is a promising adjuvant for enhancing Th1 immune responses of vaccine candidates. The study on the mechanisms of adjuvanticity will improve the development of novel vaccine adjuvants for human use.
佐剂增强对疫苗抗原的免疫反应对于预防传染病至关重要。在此，我们总结了佐剂的发展现状以及佐剂类别，如矿物盐、油乳剂和微生物衍生佐剂。我们最近的研究表明，分枝杆菌的Ag85B在分枝杆菌物种间存在交叉反应，作为一种新型佐剂可引发1型辅助性T细胞（Th1）免疫反应。在接种疫苗前经卡介苗致敏的小鼠中，这些反应增强。由于大多数人已因自然感染或接种分枝杆菌疫苗而致敏，这些发现表明Ag85B是增强候选疫苗Th1免疫反应的一种有前景的佐剂。对佐剂作用机制的研究将推动新型人用疫苗佐剂的开发。
