Di Filippo Massimiliano, Picconi Barbara, Tantucci Michela, Ghiglieri Veronica, Bagetta Vincenza, Sgobio Carmelo, Tozzi Alessandro, Parnetti Lucilla, Calabresi Paolo
Clinica Neurologica, Laboratori di Neurologia Sperimentale, Universita' di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Behav Brain Res. 2009 Apr 12;199(1):108-18. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.025. Epub 2008 Oct 2.
The striatum is the major division of the basal ganglia, representing the input station of the circuit and arguably the principal site within the basal ganglia where information processing occurs. Striatal activity is critically involved in motor control and learning. Many parts of the striatum are involved in reward processing and in various forms of learning and memory, such as reward-association learning. Moreover, the striatum appears to be a brain center for habit formation and is likely to be involved in advanced stages of addiction. The critical role played by the striatum in learning and cognitive processes is thought to be based on changes in neuronal activity when specific behavioral tasks are being learned. Accordingly, excitatory corticostriatal synapses onto both striatal projecting spiny neurons and interneurons are able to undergo the main forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation, long-term depression, short-term forms of intrinsic plasticity and spike timing-dependent plasticity. These specific forms of neuroplasticity allow the short-term and long-term selection and differential amplification of cortical neural signals modulating the processes of motor and behavioral selection within the basal ganglia neural circuit.
纹状体是基底神经节的主要组成部分，是该神经回路的输入站，可以说是基底神经节中发生信息处理的主要部位。纹状体活动在运动控制和学习中起着至关重要的作用。纹状体的许多部分都参与奖赏处理以及各种形式的学习和记忆，如奖赏关联学习。此外，纹状体似乎是习惯形成的脑中枢，可能参与成瘾的晚期阶段。纹状体在学习和认知过程中所起的关键作用被认为是基于在学习特定行为任务时神经元活动的变化。因此，兴奋性皮质纹状体突触作用于纹状体投射棘状神经元和中间神经元时，能够经历主要形式的突触可塑性，包括长时程增强、长时程抑制、短期形式的内在可塑性以及峰电位时间依赖性可塑性。这些特定形式的神经可塑性允许对皮质神经信号进行短期和长期的选择以及差异放大，从而调节基底神经节神经回路内的运动和行为选择过程。
