Managing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: the role of echocardiography.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with the serious clinical consequences of systemic thrombo-embolism and heart failure. Catheter ablation for AF is an evolving treatment option for patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal and persistent AF. The ablation procedure relies on precise knowledge of the left atrium, left atrial appendage, and pulmonary venous anatomy and function. Echocardiography is an integral component of multiple imaging modalities which contribute to its success. Both transoesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography provide essential anatomical and functional information to guide all aspects of management. This article reviews the role of echocardigraphy in AF ablation, from appropriate patient selection and pre-procedural screening, to evaluating complications and determining the need for long-term anticoagulation.