Assal Mathieu, Crevoisier Xavier
Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.
Rev Med Suisse. 2008 Oct 1;4(173):2108-13.
The calcaneus gives shape to the heel. Its special position places it in direct contact with the floor, upon which rests the weight of the body. It assures the transition between the vertical skeleton and horizontal surface of the foot, thus permitting ambulation. The calcaneus is subjected to high physical stress, yet at the same time its complex articulating surfaces permit fine adaptation to the ground. Fractures of the calcaneus result from a high energy injury, usually a fall from a height. The treatment of such fractures poses difficult problems. The functional sequelae of the injury may be severe, prolonged, and frequently results in a permanent disability. This is due not only to the type of fracture, but the orthopaedic management as well. Careful evaluation of the patient, fracture pattern, soft tissue condition, and treatment modalities is obligatory to achieve the optimal result.
跟骨形成足跟的形状。其特殊位置使其直接与地面接触，身体重量由此支撑。它确保了垂直骨骼与足部水平面之间的过渡，从而实现行走。跟骨承受着巨大的身体压力，但同时其复杂的关节面允许对地面进行精细适应。跟骨骨折通常由高能量损伤引起，多为高处坠落。此类骨折的治疗存在难题。损伤的功能后遗症可能严重、持久，且常导致永久性残疾。这不仅归因于骨折类型，还与骨科治疗方式有关。为获得最佳效果，必须对患者、骨折类型、软组织状况及治疗方式进行仔细评估。
