Refined technique for intestinal transplantation in the rat.

Unlike other solid organ transplants, intestinal transplantation (IT) remains a highly experimental procedure. Rejection, sepsis, and graft-versus-host disease have been the major barriers to successful IT in humans. These problems can be studied in the rat model, but this requires a reliable surgical technique that will produce high survival rates and excellent graft function. Herein, we review 400 consecutive IT in rats and describe important technical aspects of surgery. Technical modifications that have helped to reduce the morbidity after IT in rats include 1) minimizing mechanical and ischemic injuries to grafts during the donor procedure, 2) marking the portal vein and aortic conduit with sutures to ensure correct orientation of the graft, 3) using a macaroni noodle to stent the intestinal anastomosis, and 4) administering large volumes of crystalloid to maintain a normal blood pressure during the donor and recipient surgeries. The survival rate in 298 rats with accessory, heterotopic grafts was 90%. The survival rate in 102 rats with orthotopic (in continuity) graft (OIT) was 86%. Rats have survived more than 500 days after OIT, maintaining normal weights, intestinal function, and intestinal histology.