Varrela J
Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Finland.
Proc Finn Dent Soc. 1991;87(2):239-44.
This paper reviews a series of odontometric, anthropometric and cephalometric investigations of genetic and epigenetic regulation of dental, occlusal and craniofacial development. The results show that genes encoded with the X and Y chromosomes regulate the development of tooth crowns and roots. The Y chromosome seems to affect general somatic growth by regulating both cell function and mitotic activity. The effects of the X chromosome seem to be more restricted and include influences on the growth of cartilaginous structures and dental enamel. The findings also indicate that high masticatory stress promotes jaw growth and decreases occlusal variation, supporting the hypothesis that masticatory activity regulates occlusal and craniofacial development. In addition, the findings suggest that nerve growth may affect bone growth in the craniofacial skeleton.
本文综述了一系列关于牙齿、咬合及颅面发育的遗传和表观遗传调控的牙测量学、人体测量学和头影测量学研究。结果表明，X和Y染色体编码的基因调控牙冠和牙根的发育。Y染色体似乎通过调节细胞功能和有丝分裂活性来影响全身体细胞生长。X染色体的影响似乎更为局限，包括对软骨结构生长和牙釉质的影响。研究结果还表明，高咀嚼压力会促进颌骨生长并减少咬合变化，支持了咀嚼活动调节咬合和颅面发育的假说。此外，研究结果表明神经生长可能会影响颅面骨骼的骨生长。
