Millum J
Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, 1C118, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Med Ethics. 2008 Nov;34(11):e25. doi: 10.1136/jme.2007.022483.
The International Bill of Rights enshrines a right to health, which includes a right to access essential medicines. This right frequently appears to conflict with the intellectual property regime that governs pharmaceutical patents. However, there is also a human right that protects creative works, including scientific productions. Does this right support intellectual property protections, even when they may negatively affect health? This article examines the recent attempt by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to resolve this issue and argues that it fails. This is problematic because it means defenders of the present patent regime can continue using human rights documents to support their position. I offer a new framework for resolving the problem by examining the values that underlie human rights.
《国际人权法案》规定了健康权，其中包括获取基本药物的权利。这项权利似乎经常与管理药品专利的知识产权制度相冲突。然而，也存在一项保护创造性作品（包括科学成果）的人权。即使知识产权保护可能对健康产生负面影响，这项权利是否支持此类保护呢？本文审视了经济、社会和文化权利委员会最近为解决这一问题所做的尝试，并认为其未能成功。这存在问题，因为这意味着现行专利制度的捍卫者可以继续利用人权文件来支持他们的立场。我通过审视人权背后的价值观，提出了一个解决该问题的新框架。
