Wolfe Jeremy M, Reinecke Andrea, Brawn Peter
Visual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Vis cogn. 2006;14(4-8):749-780. doi: 10.1080/13506280500195292.
Seven experiments explore the role of bottlenecks in selective attention and access to visual short-term memory in the failure of observers to identify clearly visible changes in otherwise stable visual displays. Experiment One shows that observers fail to register a color change in an object even if they are cued to the location of the object by a transient at that location as the change is occurring. Experiment Two shows the same for orientation change. In Experiments Three and Four, attention is directed to specific objects prior to making changes in those objects. Observers have only a very limited memory for the status of recently attended items. Experiment Five reveals that observers have no ability to detect changes that happen after attention has been directed to an object and before attention returns to that object. In Experiment Six, attention is cued at rates that more closely resemble natural rates and Experiment Seven uses natural images. Memory capacity remains very small (<4 items).
七个实验探究了瓶颈在选择性注意中的作用，以及在观察者无法识别原本稳定的视觉显示中清晰可见的变化时，视觉短期记忆的获取情况。实验一表明，即使在颜色变化发生时，通过该位置的一个短暂信号提示观察者物体的位置，他们仍无法记录物体的颜色变化。实验二表明方向变化也是如此。在实验三和实验四中，在对特定物体进行改变之前，注意力被引导至这些物体上。观察者对最近关注项目的状态只有非常有限的记忆。实验五表明，观察者没有能力检测在注意力被引导至一个物体后且注意力返回该物体之前发生的变化。在实验六中，以更接近自然频率的速率提示注意力，实验七使用自然图像。记忆容量仍然非常小（<4个项目）。
