Di Lollo V, Enns J T, Rensink R A
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2000 Dec;129(4):481-507. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.129.4.481.
Advances in neuroscience implicate reentrant signaling as the predominant form of communication between brain areas. This principle was used in a series of masking experiments that defy explanation by feed-forward theories. The masking occurs when a brief display of target plus mask is continued with the mask alone. Two masking processes were found: an early process affected by physical factors such as adapting luminance and a later process affected by attentional factors such as set size. This later process is called masking by object substitution, because it occurs whenever there is a mismatch between the reentrant visual representation and the ongoing lower level activity. Iterative reentrant processing was formalized in a computational model that provides an excellent fit to the data. The model provides a more comprehensive account of all forms of visual masking than do the long-held feed-forward views based on inhibitory contour interactions.
神经科学的进展表明，折返信号是脑区之间主要的通信形式。这一原理被用于一系列掩蔽实验中，这些实验无法用前馈理论来解释。当短暂呈现目标加掩蔽物后仅持续显示掩蔽物时，就会出现掩蔽现象。发现了两种掩蔽过程：一种早期过程受诸如适应亮度等物理因素影响，另一种后期过程受诸如定势大小等注意因素影响。这种后期过程被称为客体替代掩蔽，因为只要折返视觉表征与正在进行的较低水平活动之间存在不匹配，就会发生这种掩蔽。迭代折返处理在一个计算模型中被形式化，该模型与数据非常吻合。与基于抑制性轮廓相互作用的长期持有的前馈观点相比，该模型对所有形式的视觉掩蔽提供了更全面的解释。
