Lehto M U, Järvinen M J
Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1991;80(2):102-8.
Muscle injuries represent one of the most common traumas in sports medicine. They have different clinical manifestations depending on the trauma mechanism: laceration, contusion and strain. The range of lesions varies from minor partial ruptures to complete ruptures of the muscle. The muscular tissue has a capacity to regenerate and the healing process consists of regeneration of muscle fibres and formation of a connective tissue scar. The healing is also greatly dependent on the ingrowth of vascularity and regeneration of intramuscular nerve branches. Immobilization and mobilization have a notable impact on the recovery, the former being of importance initially by reducing the size of injury and the latter later on by inducing greater granulation tissue production. Mobilization treatment is also a prerequisite for intensive muscle fibre regeneration and better preconditions to achieve the original tensile properties of the muscle. Surgical intervention is occasionally needed in complete ruptures to evacuate the haematoma or to suture the ruptured ends of the muscle to apposition.
肌肉损伤是运动医学中最常见的创伤之一。根据创伤机制的不同，它们有不同的临床表现：撕裂伤、挫伤和拉伤。损伤范围从轻微的部分断裂到肌肉的完全断裂不等。肌肉组织具有再生能力，愈合过程包括肌纤维的再生和结缔组织瘢痕的形成。愈合还很大程度上依赖于血管的长入和肌内神经分支的再生。固定和活动对恢复有显著影响，前者最初通过减小损伤大小起重要作用，后者随后通过诱导更多肉芽组织生成起作用。活动治疗也是密集肌纤维再生的先决条件，以及实现肌肉原始拉伸特性的更好前提。对于完全断裂，偶尔需要手术干预以清除血肿或将肌肉的断裂端缝合对合。
