Anderson Jennifer A H, Hooper Michael J, Zak John C, Cox Stephen B
Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Mar;28(3):534-41. doi: 10.1897/08-281.1. Epub 2008 Nov 3.
A century of mining and smelting activity at the Anaconda Smelter site in Anaconda, Montana, USA, has contaminated the surrounding soils and groundwater with metals. Soil microbial communities from six smelter-impacted sites and a nonimpacted site were compared to determine the long-term effects of a gradient of metal concentrations on microbial activity, biomass, functional diversity (Biolog microtiter plates), and structural diversity (denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S ribosomal DNA). Microbial activity and biomass were decreased in the smelter-impacted soils. Likewise, the functional and structural diversity of the microbial communities native to the smelter-impacted soils were shifted, relative to the microbial community, from the nonimpacted site. These shifts were significantly correlated with soil metal concentration and several soil physicochemical properties (pH, organic matter, NO(3), NH(4), etc.), which provides evidence of the importance of many environmental variables on microbial community dynamics in soils. Preliminary evidence of functional redundancy was observed within microbial communities native to the smelter-impacted sites, based on overlapping carbon substrate utilization patterns. However, due to culture-based selection bias, redundancy pertains only to a subset of the community and may not be ecologically relevant. Nevertheless, the effects of metal contamination on microbial communities in the present study are pronounced and results provide preliminary insight into the complex relationship between soil microbial community structure and function in anthropogenically disturbed soils.
美国蒙大拿州阿纳康达市阿纳康达冶炼厂长达一个世纪的采矿和冶炼活动已使周边土壤和地下水受到金属污染。对来自六个受冶炼厂影响的场地以及一个未受影响场地的土壤微生物群落进行了比较，以确定金属浓度梯度对微生物活性、生物量、功能多样性（Biolog微量滴定板）和结构多样性（16S核糖体DNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳）的长期影响。受冶炼厂影响的土壤中微生物活性和生物量有所下降。同样，与未受影响场地的微生物群落相比，受冶炼厂影响土壤中微生物群落的功能和结构多样性发生了变化。这些变化与土壤金属浓度以及几种土壤理化性质（pH值、有机质、硝酸盐、铵等）显著相关，这证明了许多环境变量对土壤中微生物群落动态的重要性。基于重叠的碳底物利用模式，在受冶炼厂影响场地的微生物群落中观察到了功能冗余的初步证据。然而，由于基于培养的选择偏差，冗余仅适用于群落的一个子集，可能与生态无关。尽管如此，本研究中金属污染对微生物群落的影响是显著的，研究结果为深入了解人为干扰土壤中土壤微生物群落结构与功能之间的复杂关系提供了初步见解。
