Cowgill U M, Milazzo D P
Environment Toxicology and Chemistry Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Jul;21(1):35-40. doi: 10.1007/BF01055553.
The three brood Ceriodaphnia dubia test was carried out on fifteen formulations and pure compounds presently in general use in a variety of treatment processes or as reference toxicants. The most toxic substances (LC50 (based on survival/EC50 (based on total progeny) less than 10 mg/L) were metallic Cu, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, an antioxidant TIA-RCO T-424, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, K2Cr2O7, NALCO 7139--a flocculent, DOWFAX 2EP--a surfactant, TB-66--an algicide and ammonia. Exposure to these compounds elicited the same response from C. dubia for the two endpoints examined--survival and reproductive success. Two antimicrobials, PROXEL GXL and DOWICIL 75, and the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate, were slightly toxic (LC50/EC50 less than 100 mg/L) for both endpoints studied. Two coagulants, NALCO 7109 and NALCO 8120 and a flocculent PERCOL 757 were practically nontoxic (LC50 greater than 100 mg/L) to slightly toxic (LC50 less than 100 mg/L) when the survival endpoint was examined, but were moderately toxic (EC50 less than 10 mg/L) to slightly toxic (EC50 less than 100 mg/L) when the endpoint of reproductive success was examined. These formulations and pure compounds had generally a declining effect on mean brood size, though there were exceptions to this observation as the broods progressed in number.
对目前在各种处理工艺中普遍使用的十五种配方和纯化合物，或作为参考毒物进行了三窝型大型蚤（Ceriodaphnia dubia）试验。毒性最强的物质（基于生存的LC50/基于总后代数量的EC50小于10毫克/升）为金属铜、叔十二烷基硫醇、抗氧化剂TIA-RCO T-424、Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、K2Cr2O7、絮凝剂NALCO 7139、表面活性剂DOWFAX 2EP、杀藻剂TB-66和氨。接触这些化合物后，大型蚤在两个检测终点——生存和繁殖成功率上产生了相同的反应。两种抗菌剂PROXEL GXL和DOWICIL 75，以及表面活性剂月桂基硫酸钠，在两个研究终点上均具有轻微毒性（LC50/EC50小于100毫克/升）。两种混凝剂NALCO 7109和NALCO 8120以及絮凝剂PERCOL 757，在检测生存终点时实际无毒（LC50大于100毫克/升）至轻微有毒（LC50小于100毫克/升），但在检测繁殖成功率终点时为中等毒性（EC50小于10毫克/升）至轻微毒性（EC50小于100毫克/升）。这些配方和纯化合物通常对平均窝卵数有递减作用，不过随着窝数增加，这一观察结果也有例外。
