Almeida Eduardo A B, Danforth Bryan N
Cornell Univ., Dept. Entomol., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2009 Feb;50(2):290-309. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.028. Epub 2008 Oct 22.
Colletidae comprise approximately 2500 species of bees primarily distributed in the southern continents (only two colletid genera are widely distributed: Colletes and Hylaeus). Previously published studies have failed to resolve phylogenetic relationships on a worldwide basis and this has been a major barrier to the progress of research regarding systematics and evolution of colletid bees. For this study, data from four nuclear gene loci: elongation factor-1alpha (F2 copy), opsin, wingless, and 28S rRNA were analyzed for 122 species of colletid bees, representing all subfamilies and tribes currently recognized; 22 species belonging to three other bee families were used as outgroups. Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and parsimony methods were employed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within Colletidae and resulted in highly congruent and well-resolved trees. The phylogenetic results show that Colletidae are monophyletic and that all traditionally recognized subfamilies (except Paracolletinae) are also strongly supported as monophyletic. Our phylogenetic hypothesis provides a framework within which broad questions related to the taxonomy, biogeography, morphology, evolution, and ecology of colletid bees can be addressed.
集蜂科约有2500种蜜蜂，主要分布在南半球各大洲（仅有两个集蜂属广泛分布：集蜂属和隧蜂属）。此前发表的研究未能在全球范围内解决系统发育关系问题，这一直是集蜂科蜜蜂系统分类学和进化研究进展的主要障碍。在本研究中，分析了122种集蜂科蜜蜂的四个核基因位点的数据：延伸因子-1α（F2拷贝）、视蛋白、无翅基因和28S核糖体RNA，这些蜜蜂代表了目前公认的所有亚科和族；另外选取了属于其他三个蜂科的22种蜜蜂作为外类群。采用贝叶斯法、最大似然法和简约法来研究集蜂科内部的系统发育关系，得到了高度一致且解析度良好的系统发育树。系统发育结果表明，集蜂科是单系的，并且所有传统认可的亚科（除准集蜂亚科外）也都得到了强烈的单系支持。我们的系统发育假说提供了一个框架，在这个框架内可以探讨与集蜂科蜜蜂的分类学、生物地理学、形态学、进化和生态学相关的广泛问题。
