Cancer Research Beatson Laboratories, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K..
Cytotechnology. 2003 Mar;41(2-3):111-31. doi: 10.1023/A:1024822722285.
The haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) has long been regarded as an archetypal, tissue specific, stem cell, capable of completely regenerating haemopoiesis after myeloablation. It has proved relatively easy to harvest HSC, from bone marrow or peripheral blood. In turn, isolation of these cells has allowed therapeutic stem cell transplantation protocols to be developed, that capitalise on their prodigious self renewal and proliferative capabilities. Ex vivo approaches have been described to isolate, genetically manipulateand expand pluripotent stem cell subsets. These techniques have been crucial to the development of gene therapy, and may allow adults to enjoy the potential advantages of cord blood transplantation. Recently, huge conceptual changes have occurred in stem cell biology. In particular, the dogma that, in adults, stem cells are exclusively tissue restricted has been questioned and there is great excitement surrounding the potential plasticity of these cells, with the profound implications that this has, for developing novel cellular therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor cells and embryonic stem cells are potential sources of cells for transplantation purposes. These cells may be directed toproduce HSC, in vitro and in the future may be used for therapeutic, or drug development, purposes.
造血干细胞（HSC）长期以来一直被认为是一种典型的组织特异性干细胞，能够在骨髓清除后完全再生造血。从骨髓或外周血中采集 HSC 已经被证明相对容易。反过来，这些细胞的分离也允许开发利用其巨大的自我更新和增殖能力的治疗性干细胞移植方案。已经描述了体外方法来分离、遗传操作和扩增多能干细胞亚群。这些技术对于基因治疗的发展至关重要，并且可能使成年人能够享受脐带血移植的潜在优势。最近，干细胞生物学发生了巨大的概念变化。特别是，关于在成年人中，干细胞完全局限于组织的观点受到了质疑，人们对这些细胞的潜在可塑性感到非常兴奋，这对开发新型细胞疗法具有深远的影响。间充质干细胞、多能成体祖细胞和胚胎干细胞是用于移植目的的细胞的潜在来源。这些细胞可以在体外定向产生 HSC，并且在未来可能用于治疗或药物开发目的。
