Rutkowski Ryszard, Kosztyła-Hojna Bozena, Rutkowska Joanna
Samodzielna Pracownia Diagnostyki Oddechowej i Bronchoskopii SPDSK w Białymstoku Kierownik.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2008;76(5):348-52.
Exposure of nasal mucosa to various allergic and/or non-allergic stimuli might result in rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis affects 10-25% of population making it the most prevalent allergic disorder. Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis affect up to 30% and 10% of pediatric population, respectively. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis varies between studies: in Poland, Breborowicz et al. reported allergic rhinitis in 16.7% of children aged 6-7, whereas Emeryk et al. observed perennial allergic rhinitis in 3.6% and seasonal allergic rhinitis in 6.2% of 8-15 year olds. Allergic rhinitis similarly to other diseases results in direct, indirect and hidden costs. In the USA (2002) direct costs were estimated at $4.195 billions and indirect at $665 millions (total of $4.863 billions). Allergic rhinitis co-exists with multiple respiratory conditions, significantly increasing treatment costs incurred by patients' and places additional burden on public finances. It also has a detrimental effect on patients' and their families' quality of life. Allergic rhinitis--although non-life threatening--significantly worsens quality of daily life and as such should be perceived as a serious medical condition not only by patients but also by medical professionals who are in position to diagnose it and implement appropriate therapeutic interventions.
鼻黏膜暴露于各种变应性和/或非变应性刺激可能导致鼻炎。变应性鼻炎影响10%-25%的人群，使其成为最常见的变应性疾病。季节性和常年性变应性鼻炎分别影响高达30%和10%的儿童人群。变应性鼻炎的患病率在不同研究中有所不同：在波兰，布雷博罗维茨等人报告6-7岁儿童中16.7%患有变应性鼻炎，而埃梅里克等人观察到8-15岁儿童中3.6%患有常年性变应性鼻炎，6.2%患有季节性变应性鼻炎。与其他疾病一样，变应性鼻炎会导致直接、间接和隐性成本。在美国（2002年），直接成本估计为41.95亿美元，间接成本为6.65亿美元（总计48.63亿美元）。变应性鼻炎与多种呼吸道疾病并存，显著增加了患者的治疗成本，并给公共财政带来额外负担。它还对患者及其家庭的生活质量产生不利影响。变应性鼻炎——虽然不危及生命——但会显著恶化日常生活质量，因此不仅患者，而且有能力诊断并实施适当治疗干预的医学专业人员都应将其视为一种严重的疾病。
