Rozy Adriana, Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna
Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw Head of the Laboratory, Warsaw.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2008;76(5):353-9.
Immunity towards bacteria might be achieved as a result of natural processes following infection, or as a consequence of medical intervention including vaccination, administration of immunoglobulins or therapy with immunostimulants derived from bacteria. Bacterial immunostimulants (ISs) containing bacterial lysate (OM-85 BV, LW 50020) or components of bacterial cells (ribosomal extracts) were shown to induce a non-specific response (i.e. intensification of phagocytosis) but also to orchestrate both cellular (B, T cell stimulation) and humoral responses (antibodies and proinflammatory cytokines production). Therefore, the duality of their immunomodulatory activity mimics or, to a certain extent, repeats the immune response evoked by the intrusion of a pathogen into the human body, which is initially non-specific, but subsequently becomes specific. However, their clinical efficacy in the prevention of respiratory tract infection (RTI) is still debated. This article reviews their mechanism of action, as well as the available clinical data, discussing the pros and cons of their use in the prevention of RITs in children and adults.
对细菌的免疫可能是感染后自然过程的结果，也可能是包括疫苗接种、免疫球蛋白给药或使用源自细菌的免疫刺激剂进行治疗等医学干预的结果。含有细菌裂解物（OM-85 BV，LW 50020）或细菌细胞成分（核糖体提取物）的细菌免疫刺激剂被证明既能诱导非特异性反应（即吞噬作用增强），又能协调细胞（B、T细胞刺激）和体液反应（抗体和促炎细胞因子产生）。因此，它们免疫调节活性的双重性模拟了或者在一定程度上重复了病原体侵入人体所引发的免疫反应，这种反应最初是非特异性的，但随后会变得具有特异性。然而，它们在预防呼吸道感染（RTI）方面的临床疗效仍存在争议。本文综述了它们的作用机制以及现有的临床数据，讨论了在儿童和成人中使用它们预防呼吸道感染的利弊。
