Bergman R N
Fed Proc. 1977 Feb;36(2):265-70.
The rates of storage and release of carbohydrate by the liver are determined by the plasma concentrations of several blood-borne signals; most important are the concentrations of glucose, and of the hormones insulin and glucagon. To understand the complex control relationships of these three signals as they affect the liver, their individual dynamic influences have been determined experimentally, and the findings have been integrated by means of a computer simulation of the pathways of hepatic glycogen metabolism. The simulation studies have led to specific hypotheses about the biochemical effects of glucose and insulin on the liver. The simulation studies have also led to the conclusion that glucose exerts a rapid moment-to-moment influence on the rate of uptake of glucose by the liver. Insulin, however, by exerting a slower influence on the sensitivity of the liver to glucose, is very effective in "optimizing" the amount of glycogen which the liver stores during food intake. Thus, integrated experimental and simulation studies can lead to a view of a physiological regulating system which does not emerge from either approach used alone.-
肝脏中碳水化合物的储存和释放速率由几种血液传播信号的血浆浓度决定；其中最重要的是葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰高血糖素的浓度。为了理解这三种信号在影响肝脏时的复杂控制关系，已通过实验确定了它们各自的动态影响，并通过对肝糖原代谢途径的计算机模拟将这些发现整合起来。模拟研究得出了关于葡萄糖和胰岛素对肝脏生化作用的具体假设。模拟研究还得出结论，葡萄糖对肝脏摄取葡萄糖的速率具有快速的即时影响。然而，胰岛素通过对肝脏对葡萄糖的敏感性产生较慢的影响，在 “优化” 肝脏在食物摄入期间储存的糖原量方面非常有效。因此，综合实验和模拟研究可以得出一种生理调节系统的观点，而这是单独使用任何一种方法都无法得出的。
