Vigentini Ileana, Fracassetti Daniela, Picozzi Claudia, Foschino Roberto
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Curr Microbiol. 2009 Mar;58(3):211-8. doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9310-x. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
The setting up of new molecular methods for Saccharomyces cerevisiae typing is valuable in enology. Actually, the ability to discriminate different strains in wine making can have a benefit both for the control of the fermentation process and for the preservation of wine typicity. This study focused on the screening of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in wine production that could evolve rapidly considering the selective pressure of the isolation environment. Preliminary screening of 30 genes in silico was performed, followed by the selection of 10 loci belonging to 8 genes. The sequence analysis showed a low polymorphism and a degree of heterozygosity. However, a new potential molecular target was recognized in the TPS1 gene coding for the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase enzyme involved in the ethanol resistance mechanism. This gene showed a 1.42% sequence diversity with seven different nucleotide substitutions. Moreover, classic techniques were applied to a collection of 50 S. cerevisiae isolates, mostly with enologic origin. Our results confirmed that the wine making was not carried out only by the inoculated commercial starter because indigenous strains of S. cerevisiae present during fermentation were detected. In addition, a high genetic relationship among some commercial cultures was found, highlighting imprecision or fraudulent practices by starter manufacturers.
建立用于酿酒酵母分型的新分子方法在葡萄酒酿造学中具有重要价值。实际上，在葡萄酒酿造过程中鉴别不同菌株的能力对于控制发酵过程以及保持葡萄酒的典型性都有益处。本研究聚焦于筛选葡萄酒生产相关基因中的单核苷酸多态性，考虑到分离环境的选择压力，这些基因可能会快速进化。首先对30个基因进行了初步的计算机筛选，随后从8个基因中选择了10个位点。序列分析显示多态性较低且杂合度也较低。然而，在编码参与乙醇抗性机制的海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶的TPS1基因中识别出了一个新的潜在分子靶点。该基因显示出1.42%的序列多样性，有七个不同的核苷酸替换。此外，对50株酿酒酵母分离株进行了经典技术分析，这些分离株大多来源于葡萄酒酿造。我们的结果证实，葡萄酒酿造并非仅由接种的商业发酵剂完成，因为在发酵过程中检测到了酿酒酵母的本土菌株。此外，还发现一些商业培养物之间存在高度的遗传关系，这凸显了发酵剂制造商的不精确或欺诈行为。
