Chiaravalloti Nancy D, DeLuca John
Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Medical Rehabilitation Research and Education Center, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA.
Lancet Neurol. 2008 Dec;7(12):1139-51. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70259-X.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the CNS that is characterised by widespread lesions in the brain and spinal cord. MS results in motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, all of which can occur independently of one another. The common cognitive symptoms include deficits in complex attention, efficiency of information processing, executive functioning, processing speed, and long-term memory. These deficits detrimentally affect many aspects of daily life, such as the ability to run a household, participate fully in society, and maintain employment--factors that can all affect the overall quality of life of the patient. The increased use of neuroimaging techniques in patients with MS has advanced our understanding of structural and functional changes in the brain that are characteristic of this disease, although much remains to be learned. Moreover, examination of efforts to treat the cognitive deficits in MS is still in the early stages.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的进行性疾病，其特征是大脑和脊髓中存在广泛的病变。MS会导致运动、认知和神经精神症状，所有这些症状都可能彼此独立出现。常见的认知症状包括复杂注意力、信息处理效率、执行功能、处理速度和长期记忆方面的缺陷。这些缺陷对日常生活的许多方面都有不利影响，例如持家能力、充分参与社会的能力以及维持就业的能力——所有这些因素都会影响患者的整体生活质量。尽管仍有许多有待了解的地方，但在MS患者中更多地使用神经成像技术，已经增进了我们对该疾病所特有的大脑结构和功能变化的理解。此外，对治疗MS认知缺陷的努力的研究仍处于早期阶段。
