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The importance of social context: neighborhood stressors, stress-buffering mechanisms, and alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders.社会环境的重要性：邻里压力源、压力缓冲机制以及酒精、药物和精神健康障碍
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Nov;65(9):1867-81. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.045. Epub 2007 Jul 5.
2
How do objective and subjective assessments of neighbourhood influence social and physical functioning in older age? Findings from a British survey of ageing.邻里环境的客观和主观评估如何影响老年人的社会和身体机能？一项英国老龄化调查的结果
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Jun;64(12):2533-49. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.009. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
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Urban neighborhood poverty and the incidence of depression in a population-based cohort study.一项基于人群的队列研究中的城市社区贫困与抑郁症发病率
Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Mar;17(3):171-9. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.008.
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Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and residential instability: effects on incidence of ischemic heart disease and survival after myocardial infarction.社区社会经济剥夺与居住不稳定：对缺血性心脏病发病率及心肌梗死后生存率的影响。
Epidemiology. 2007 Jan;18(1):104-11. doi: 10.1097/01.ede.0000249573.22856.9a.
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Urban neighborhoods, chronic stress, gender and depression.城市社区、慢性压力、性别与抑郁症。
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Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients.使用患者健康问卷-9来测量不同种族和族裔的初级保健患者的抑郁情况。
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Neighborhood effects on the self-rated health of elders: uncovering the relative importance of structural and service-related neighborhood environments.邻里环境对老年人自评健康的影响：揭示结构和服务相关邻里环境的相对重要性。
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Urban built environment and depression: a multilevel analysis.城市建成环境与抑郁症：一项多层次分析
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Psychosocial stress and social support as mediators of relationships between income, length of residence and depressive symptoms among African American women on Detroit's eastside.心理社会压力和社会支持作为底特律东区非裔美国女性收入、居住时长与抑郁症状之间关系的调节因素。
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纽约市老年居民的邻里特征与抑郁症状变化

Neighborhood characteristics and change in depressive symptoms among older residents of New York City.

作者信息

Beard John R, Cerdá Magda, Blaney Shannon, Ahern Jennifer, Vlahov David, Galea Sandro

机构信息

Center for Urban Epidemiological Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10029-5202, USA.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 2009 Jul;99(7):1308-14. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.125104. Epub 2008 Nov 13.

DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2007.125104
PMID:19008519
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2696669/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

We investigated the relationship between the depressive symptoms of older adults over time and the characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they live.

METHODS

We surveyed a random sample of 1325 New York City residents aged 50 years or older in 2005 and conducted 808 follow-up interviews in 2007. We assessed the compositional characteristics of the respondents' neighborhoods at a census-tract level and determined the relationships between these characteristics and changes in respondents' depressive symptoms.

RESULTS

In multivariable models that adjusted for individual-level covariates including income, a range of neighborhood characteristics predicted worsening depressive symptoms. Factor analysis suggested that these characteristics operated in 3 clusters: neighborhood socioeconomic influences, residential stability, and racial/ethnic composition, with positive neighborhood socioeconomic influences being significantly protective against worsening symptoms. Life stressors, personality trait neuroticism, African American race, and daily baseline contact with social networks were also associated with worsening symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

An older adult's neighborhood of residence is an important determinant of his or her mental health. Those making efforts to improve mental health among the elderly need to consider the role of residential context in improving or impairing mental health.

摘要

目的

我们调查了老年人抑郁症状随时间的变化情况及其居住社区特征之间的关系。

方法

2005年，我们对1325名年龄在50岁及以上的纽约市居民进行了随机抽样调查，并于2007年进行了808次随访访谈。我们在普查区层面评估了受访者社区的构成特征，并确定了这些特征与受访者抑郁症状变化之间的关系。

结果

在对包括收入在内的个体层面协变量进行调整的多变量模型中，一系列社区特征预示着抑郁症状会加重。因子分析表明，这些特征可分为3类：社区社会经济影响、居住稳定性和种族/民族构成，其中积极的社区社会经济影响对症状加重具有显著的保护作用。生活压力源、人格特质神经质、非裔美国人种族以及与社交网络的日常基线接触也与症状加重有关。

结论

老年人的居住社区是其心理健康的重要决定因素。那些致力于改善老年人心理健康的人需要考虑居住环境在改善或损害心理健康方面所起的作用。