Chase-Topping Margo, Gally David, Low Chris, Matthews Louise, Woolhouse Mark
Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Dec;6(12):904-12. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2029.
Cattle that excrete more Escherichia coli O157 than others are known as super-shedders. Super-shedding has important consequences for the epidemiology of E. coli O157 in cattle--its main reservoir--and for the risk of human infection, particularly owing to environmental exposure. Ultimately, control measures targeted at super-shedders may prove to be highly effective. We currently have only a limited understanding of both the nature and the determinants of super-shedding. However, super-shedding has been observed to be associated with colonization at the terminal rectum and might also occur more often with certain pathogen phage types. More generally, epidemiological evidence suggests that super-shedding might be important in other bacterial and viral infections.
排泄大肠杆菌O157比其他牛更多的牛被称为超级排菌者。超级排菌对大肠杆菌O157在牛群(其主要宿主)中的流行病学以及人类感染风险具有重要影响,尤其是由于环境暴露导致的感染风险。最终,针对超级排菌者的控制措施可能会被证明是非常有效的。目前,我们对超级排菌的本质和决定因素了解有限。然而,已观察到超级排菌与直肠末端的定植有关,并且在某些病原体噬菌体类型中可能更常发生。更普遍地说,流行病学证据表明超级排菌在其他细菌和病毒感染中可能也很重要。