Nishida K, Kyoi S, Yamaguchi O, Sadoshima J, Otsu K
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Cell Death Differ. 2009 Jan;16(1):31-8. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2008.163. Epub 2008 Nov 14.
Autophagy has evolved as a conserving process that uses bulk degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components, such as long-lived proteins and organelles. In the heart, autophagy is important for the turnover of organelles at low basal levels under normal conditions and it is upregulated in response to stresses such as ischemia/reperfusion and in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. Cardiac remodeling involves increased rates of cardiomyocyte cell death and precedes heart failure. The simultaneously occurring multiple features of failing hearts include not only apoptosis and necrosis but also autophagy as well. However, it has been unclear as to whether autophagy is a sign of failed cardiomyocyte repair or is a suicide pathway for failing cardiomyocytes. The functional role of autophagy during ischemia/reperfusion in the heart is complex. It has also been unclear whether autophagy is protective or detrimental in response to ischemia/reperfusion in the heart. In this review, we will summarize the role of autophagy in the heart under both normal conditions and in response to stress.
自噬已演变成一种保守过程，该过程利用对细胞质成分（如长寿命蛋白质和细胞器）的大量降解和循环利用。在心脏中，自噬对于在正常条件下低基础水平的细胞器更新很重要，并且在诸如缺血/再灌注等应激反应以及诸如心力衰竭等心血管疾病中会上调。心脏重塑涉及心肌细胞死亡速率增加，并先于心力衰竭出现。衰竭心脏同时出现的多种特征不仅包括凋亡和坏死，还包括自噬。然而，目前尚不清楚自噬是心肌细胞修复失败的标志还是衰竭心肌细胞的自杀途径。自噬在心脏缺血/再灌注期间的功能作用很复杂。目前也不清楚自噬在心脏对缺血/再灌注的反应中是具有保护作用还是有害作用。在这篇综述中，我们将总结自噬在正常条件下以及应激反应时在心脏中的作用。
