Lesueur Didier
Eurovia España, Pol. Ind. Villapark, Avda Quitapesares, 48, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón (Madrid), Spain.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2009 Jan 30;145(1-2):42-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.011. Epub 2008 Sep 9.
The use of bitumen as a construction material dates back to antiquity. The materials in use then were mostly naturally occurring in contrast to modern bitumens which have become highly technical artificial materials. This article reviews the current understanding of bitumen structure and the consequences in terms of properties, with a strong emphasis on the rheological properties. The links between chemistry, structure and mechanical properties are highlighted in the framework of an updated colloidal picture of bitumen. It shows that a simple solvation parameter allows quantifying the effect of the asphaltenes on the rheological properties of bitumen. This appears as a promising approach in order to understand more complex phenomena such as bitumen ageing or the diffusion of rejuvenating oils into an older bitumen. From this structural modelling, the effect of several modifiers, such as polymers, acids or mineral fillers, is explained using fundamental results from the mechanics of colloidal suspensions and multiphase materials through the Palierne model. Thus, relevant parameters describing polymer-bitumen or mineral fillers-bitumen interactions can be extracted, as detailed from literature data. In the case of mineral filler, volume fraction is the key parameter but particle size comes also into play when fine fillers are considered. In the case of polymer-modified bitumens, the swelling extent of the polymer controls all other parameters of importance: volume fraction of dispersed phase and mechanical properties of both dispersed and continuous phases. In addition, interesting rheological features due to droplet shape relaxations are described in polymer-modified bitumens. Although a general picture of bitumen structure is shown to emerge, the many fundamental points that remain to be addressed are discussed throughout the paper.
沥青作为一种建筑材料的使用可以追溯到古代。与现代沥青这种高度技术化的人工材料不同，当时使用的材料大多是天然存在的。本文回顾了目前对沥青结构的理解以及其在性能方面的影响，特别强调了流变性能。在更新的沥青胶体图像框架中，突出了化学、结构和力学性能之间的联系。结果表明，一个简单的溶剂化参数可以量化沥青质对沥青流变性能的影响。这似乎是一种很有前景的方法，有助于理解更复杂的现象，如沥青老化或再生油向老化沥青中的扩散。基于这种结构模型，通过Palierne模型，利用胶体悬浮液和多相材料力学的基本结果，解释了几种改性剂（如聚合物、酸或矿物填料）的作用。因此，可以从文献数据中详细提取描述聚合物 - 沥青或矿物填料 - 沥青相互作用的相关参数。对于矿物填料，体积分数是关键参数，但在考虑细填料时，粒径也会起作用。对于聚合物改性沥青，聚合物的溶胀程度控制着所有其他重要参数：分散相的体积分数以及分散相和连续相的力学性能。此外，还描述了聚合物改性沥青中由于液滴形状松弛而产生的有趣流变特性。尽管沥青结构的总体情况已显现，但本文仍讨论了许多有待解决的基本问题。
