Claes Anthony, Ball Barry A, Brown James A, Kass Philip H
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008 Nov 15;233(10):1605-9. doi: 10.2460/javma.233.10.1605.
To identify risk factors for rectal tears in horses; assess the effect of initiating cause on tear location, size, and distance from anus; and determine short-term survival rate among horses with various grades of rectal tears.
Retrospective case series.
99 horses.
Medical records for horses with a rectal tear were reviewed, and data including age; sex; breed; cause, location, and size of the tear and its distance from the anus; tear grade; treatment; and outcome (short-term survival [ie, survival to discharge from the hospital] vs non-survival) were recorded. Data for age, sex, and breed of horses with rectal tears were compared with data for all horses evaluated at the hospital during the same interval to determine risk factors for rectal tears.
Arabians, American Miniature Horses, mares, and horses > 9 years of age were more likely to develop a rectal tear than other breeds, males, or younger horses. Dystocia had a significant influence on rectal tear size. Location of a rectal tear and its distance from the anus were not associated with cause. Applied treatments for grade 1, 2, and 3 rectal tears were effective, unlike treatments for grade 4 rectal tears. Irrespective of treatment, the overall short-term survival rate among horses with grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 rectal tears was 100%, 100%, 38%, and 2%, respectively.
Accurate identification of risk factors could help practitioners and owners implement adequate measures to prevent the development of rectal tears in horses.
确定马直肠撕裂的风险因素；评估引发原因对撕裂位置、大小及距肛门距离的影响；并确定不同等级直肠撕裂马的短期存活率。
回顾性病例系列研究。
99匹马。
回顾直肠撕裂马的病历，记录包括年龄、性别、品种、撕裂的原因、位置、大小及其距肛门的距离、撕裂等级、治疗方法及结果（短期存活[即存活至出院]与未存活）等数据。将直肠撕裂马的年龄、性别和品种数据与同期在该医院评估的所有马的数据进行比较，以确定直肠撕裂的风险因素。
与其他品种、雄性或年轻马相比，阿拉伯马、美国迷你马、母马以及9岁以上的马更易发生直肠撕裂。难产对直肠撕裂大小有显著影响。直肠撕裂的位置及其距肛门的距离与引发原因无关。1级、2级和3级直肠撕裂的应用治疗有效，而4级直肠撕裂的治疗则不然。无论治疗情况如何，1级、2级、3级和4级直肠撕裂马的总体短期存活率分别为100%、100%、38%和2%。
准确识别风险因素有助于从业者和马主采取适当措施预防马直肠撕裂的发生。
