Xiong Ying, Zhang Yonghai, Yan Jun
Department of Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Sep;33(8):1178-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.10.006. Epub 2008 Oct 25.
Auditory learning or experience induces large-scale neural plasticity in not only the auditory cortex but also in the auditory thalamus and midbrain. Such plasticity is guided by acquired sound (sound-specific auditory plasticity). The mechanisms involved in this process have been studied from various approaches and support the presence of a core neural circuit consisting of a subcortico-cortico-subcortical tonotopic loop supplemented by neuromodulatory (e.g., cholinergic) inputs. This circuit has three key functions essential for establishing large-scale and sound-specific plasticity in the auditory cortex, auditory thalamus and auditory midbrain. They include the presence of sound information for guiding the plasticity, the communication between the cortex, thalamus and midbrain for coordinating the plastic changes and the adjustment of the circuit status for augmenting the plasticity. This review begins with an overview of sound-specific auditory plasticity in the central auditory system. It then introduces the core neural circuit which plays an essential role in inducing sound-specific auditory plasticity. Finally, the core neural circuit and its relationship to auditory learning and experience are discussed.
听觉学习或体验不仅会在听觉皮层，还会在听觉丘脑和中脑诱导大规模神经可塑性。这种可塑性由习得的声音引导（声音特异性听觉可塑性）。已从各种方法研究了该过程中涉及的机制，并支持存在一个核心神经回路，该回路由一个皮质下 - 皮质 - 皮质下的音调定位环路组成，并由神经调节（如胆碱能）输入补充。该回路具有三个关键功能，对于在听觉皮层、听觉丘脑和听觉中脑建立大规模和声音特异性可塑性至关重要。它们包括存在用于引导可塑性的声音信息、皮层、丘脑和中脑之间的通信以协调可塑性变化以及调整回路状态以增强可塑性。本综述首先概述了中枢听觉系统中的声音特异性听觉可塑性。然后介绍了在诱导声音特异性听觉可塑性中起重要作用的核心神经回路。最后，讨论了核心神经回路及其与听觉学习和体验的关系。
