Cowie Catherine C, Rust Keith F, Ford Earl S, Eberhardt Mark S, Byrd-Holt Danita D, Li Chaoyang, Williams Desmond E, Gregg Edward W, Bainbridge Kathleen E, Saydah Sharon H, Geiss Linda S
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Diabetes Care. 2009 Feb;32(2):287-94. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1296. Epub 2008 Nov 18.
We examined the prevalences of diagnosed diabetes, and undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes using fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test values, in the U.S. during 2005-2006. We then compared the prevalences of these conditions with those in 1988-1994.
In 2005-2006, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included a probability sample of 7,267 people aged > or =12 years. Participants were classified according to glycemic status by interview for diagnosed diabetes and by fasting and 2-h glucoses measured in subsamples.
In 2005-2006, the crude prevalence of total diabetes in people aged > or =20 years was 12.9%, of which approximately 40% was undiagnosed. In people aged > or =20 years, the crude prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.7% and of impaired glucose tolerance was 13.8%, with almost 30% having either. Over 40% of individuals had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Almost one-third of the elderly had diabetes, and three-quarters had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, age- and sex-standardized prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was approximately twice as high in non-Hispanic blacks (P < 0.0001) and Mexican Americans (P = 0.0001), whereas undiagnosed diabetes was not higher. Crude prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in people aged > or =20 years rose from 5.1% in 1988-1994 to 7.7% in 2005-2006 (P = 0.0001); this was significant after accounting for differences in age and sex, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks. Prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes were generally stable, although the proportion of total diabetes that was undiagnosed decreased in Mexican Americans.
Over 40% of people aged > or =20 years have hyperglycemic conditions, and prevalence is higher in minorities. Diagnosed diabetes has increased over time, but other conditions have been relatively stable.
我们利用空腹及2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验值，对2005 - 2006年美国已诊断糖尿病、未诊断糖尿病及糖尿病前期的患病率进行了研究。然后我们将这些情况的患病率与1988 - 1994年的情况进行了比较。
在2005 - 2006年，国家健康与营养检查调查纳入了一个7267名年龄≥12岁人群的概率样本。通过询问已诊断糖尿病情况以及对亚样本测量空腹血糖和2小时血糖，根据血糖状态对参与者进行分类。
在2005 - 2006年，年龄≥20岁人群中糖尿病的总体粗患病率为12.9%，其中约40%未被诊断。在年龄≥20岁人群中，空腹血糖受损的粗患病率为25.7%，糖耐量受损的粗患病率为13.8%，近30%的人存在其中一种情况。超过40%的个体患有糖尿病或处于糖尿病前期。近三分之一的老年人患有糖尿病，四分之三的老年人患有糖尿病或处于糖尿病前期。与非西班牙裔白人相比，非西班牙裔黑人（P < 0.0001）和墨西哥裔美国人（P = 0.0001）年龄和性别标准化的已诊断糖尿病患病率约为前者的两倍，而未诊断糖尿病的患病率则没有更高。年龄≥20岁人群中已诊断糖尿病的粗患病率从1988 - 1994年的5.1%升至2005 - 2006年的7.7%（P = 0.0001）；在考虑年龄和性别差异后这一增长仍具有统计学意义，尤其是在非西班牙裔黑人中。未诊断糖尿病和糖尿病前期的患病率总体稳定，不过墨西哥裔美国人中未被诊断的糖尿病在糖尿病总数中的比例有所下降。
年龄≥20岁的人群中超过40%患有高血糖症，且少数族裔中的患病率更高。已诊断糖尿病的患病率随时间有所上升，但其他情况相对稳定。
