Dürr S, Fodor Z, Frison J, Hoelbling C, Hoffmann R, Katz S D, Krieg S, Kurth T, Lellouch L, Lippert T, Szabo K K, Vulvert G
John von Neumann-Institut für Computing, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen and Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1224-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1163233.
More than 99% of the mass of the visible universe is made up of protons and neutrons. Both particles are much heavier than their quark and gluon constituents, and the Standard Model of particle physics should explain this difference. We present a full ab initio calculation of the masses of protons, neutrons, and other light hadrons, using lattice quantum chromodynamics. Pion masses down to 190 mega-electron volts are used to extrapolate to the physical point, with lattice sizes of approximately four times the inverse pion mass. Three lattice spacings are used for a continuum extrapolation. Our results completely agree with experimental observations and represent a quantitative confirmation of this aspect of the Standard Model with fully controlled uncertainties.
可见宇宙中超过99%的质量由质子和中子组成。这两种粒子都比其夸克和胶子成分重得多，粒子物理学的标准模型应该能解释这种差异。我们使用晶格量子色动力学对质子、中子和其他轻强子的质量进行了完整的从头计算。利用低至190兆电子伏特的π介子质量进行外推至物理点，晶格尺寸约为π介子质量倒数的四倍。使用三种晶格间距进行连续外推。我们的结果与实验观测完全一致，代表了标准模型这一方面的定量确认，且不确定性得到了充分控制。
