Deisenhammer Eberhard A, Ing Chy-Meng, Strauss Robert, Kemmler Georg, Hinterhuber Hartmann, Weiss Elisabeth M
Department of General Psychiatry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;70(1):19-24. Epub 2008 Oct 21.
A history of suicide attempts is a major predictive factor for completed suicide with repeated self-harm constituting a particularly high risk. This study was undertaken to investigate suicide attempters' reports on the length of the period between consideration and accomplishment of a suicide attempt.
Eighty-two patients referred to a psychiatric university hospital after a suicide attempt were approached within 3 days after the act. A semistructured interview focusing on the duration and related aspects of the suicidal process, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Beck Suicide Intent Scale, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale were administered. Data were collected from July 2004 to December 2005.
Nearly half of the patients (47.6%; N = 39) reported that the period between the first current thought of suicide and the actual attempt had lasted 10 minutes or less. Those patients in which this process had taken longer showed a higher suicidal intent (p < .001). Impulsivity was not associated with the duration of the suicidal process. Although the majority of the patients were alone during the suicidal process, 76.8% (N = 63) reported having had any kind of interpersonal contact.
The process from the emergence of suicidal thoughts to the accomplishment of a suicide attempt, and thus the time for intervention, generally is short. However, in a considerable number of suicide attempters, there is at least some readiness for interpersonal contact with partner, family, or friends. Professional helpers appear to have limited potential for intervention during this phase. Thus, spreading information on signs of suicidality and interventional measures among the general population should be incorporated into suicide prevention strategies.
自杀未遂史是自杀死亡的一个主要预测因素，反复自我伤害构成特别高的风险。本研究旨在调查自杀未遂者关于从考虑到实施自杀未遂期间时长的报告。
82名自杀未遂后被转介至一所大学精神病医院的患者在自杀行为发生后3天内接受了调查。进行了一次半结构化访谈，重点关注自杀过程的持续时间及相关方面、巴拉特冲动性量表、贝克自杀意图量表和蒙哥马利-阿斯伯格抑郁评定量表。数据收集时间为2004年7月至2005年12月。
近一半患者（47.6%；N = 39）报告称，从当前首次产生自杀念头到实际自杀未遂的时间段持续了10分钟或更短。这个过程持续时间更长的患者表现出更高的自杀意图（p <.001）。冲动性与自杀过程的持续时间无关。尽管大多数患者在自杀过程中是独自一人，但76.8%（N = 63）报告称有过任何形式的人际接触。
从自杀念头出现到实施自杀未遂的过程，即干预时机，通常很短。然而，在相当数量的自杀未遂者中，至少有一些意愿与伴侣、家人或朋友进行人际接触。专业救助者在此阶段的干预潜力似乎有限。因此，应将向普通人群传播自杀迹象和干预措施的信息纳入自杀预防策略。
