Kolahi Ali-Asghar, Rastegarpour Ali, Sohrabi Mohammad-Reza
Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 May;103(5):500-5. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.10.016. Epub 2008 Nov 28.
The stepwise implementation of the Tehran Sewerage Project provided a convenient setting for which health impacts of an urban sewerage system could be examined with appropriate controls. In 2001, Tehran municipal districts 17 and 18 had no sewerage system connections, but areas within these districts had been planned to be connected by 2006. These areas were chosen as an intervention group. Neighbouring areas, with a similar socio-economic status, that had not been planned to connect to the sewerage system by 2006, were chosen as controls. Homes within designated areas were randomized and surveyed twice to determine diarrhoea incidences for children aged 6-60 months, once in 2001, before connection to the sewerage system, and once again in 2006, after the intervention. By 2006, 76% of the homes in the intervention zones were connected to the sewerage system. In the first stage of the study, diarrhoea incidences for intervention and control groups were 18.6 and 16.6%, respectively. In the second stage, incidences decreased to 10.1 and 10.5%, respectively. Data collected from 4179 children demonstrated that the diarrhoea incidence had decreased by 46% in the intervention group, whereas it had decreased by 37% in the controls.
德黑兰污水处理项目的逐步实施为在适当控制条件下研究城市污水处理系统对健康的影响提供了便利环境。2001年，德黑兰第17和18市政区没有污水处理系统连接，但这些区内的区域计划在2006年前实现连接。这些区域被选为干预组。选择社会经济地位相似、且计划在2006年前不与污水处理系统连接的邻近区域作为对照组。对指定区域内的家庭进行随机抽样并进行两次调查，以确定6至60个月大儿童的腹泻发病率，一次是在2001年连接污水处理系统之前，另一次是在2006年干预之后。到2006年，干预区76%的家庭连接到了污水处理系统。在研究的第一阶段，干预组和对照组的腹泻发病率分别为18.6%和16.6%。在第二阶段，发病率分别降至10.1%和10.5%。从4179名儿童收集的数据表明，干预组的腹泻发病率下降了46%，而对照组下降了37%。
