Drakopoulos D, Mann D D
Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
J Agric Saf Health. 2008 Oct;14(4):377-89. doi: 10.13031/2013.25277.
The overall accessibility of controls is one of the most important issues to consider when designing a control layout. Well-arranged controls, whose operational characteristics are based on both design guidelines and on human factors considerations, allow the operator to efficiently interact with the system in question. The objective of this article is to introduce a numerical index, referred to as the "index of functionality", capable of comparing, on a mathematical basis, different control arrangements in agricultural tractors. The model is based on information that has been gleaned from the published literature, with input from both professional ergonomists and experienced agricultural tractor operators. The numerical index may take any value between 0 and +1, with +1 being defined as an optimum value in terms of the functionality of a workstation. Data were collected from six old (pre-1982) and six modern (post-2003) tractor workstations to determine whether the model would recognize improvements that have occurred in the ergonomic design of tractor control layouts over the past 20 years. An average score of 0.19 +/- 0.07 was calculated for the pre-1982 tractor workstations. By contrast, an average score of 0.63 +/- 0.10 was calculated for the post-2003 tractor workstations. A number of limitations have been identified with the current model; despite these limitations, the index of functionality clearly recognized the ergonomic improvements in tractor workstations that have occurred over the past 20 years.
在设计控件布局时，控件的总体可达性是需要考虑的最重要问题之一。精心布置的控件，其操作特性基于设计准则和人为因素考量，能让操作员与相关系统进行高效交互。本文的目的是引入一个数值指标，即“功能指数”，它能够在数学基础上比较农用拖拉机中不同的控件布置。该模型基于从已发表文献中收集的信息，并融入了专业人类工程学专家和经验丰富的农用拖拉机操作员的意见。该数值指标的取值范围为0到 +1，其中 +1 就工作站功能而言被定义为最优值。从六个旧款（1982 年以前）和六个新款（2003 年以后）拖拉机工作站收集了数据，以确定该模型是否能识别过去 20 年中拖拉机控件布局在人体工程学设计方面所取得的改进。1982 年以前的拖拉机工作站计算得出的平均分数为 0.19 ± 0.07。相比之下，2003 年以后的拖拉机工作站计算得出的平均分数为 0.63 ± 0.10。已发现当前模型存在一些局限性；尽管有这些局限性，但功能指数清楚地识别出了过去 20 年中拖拉机工作站在人体工程学方面的改进。
