Lu Youyi, Cooke Martin
Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 211 Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, United Kingdom.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Nov;124(5):3261-75. doi: 10.1121/1.2990705.
Noise has an effect on speech production. Stationary noise and babble have been used in the past but the effect of a competing talker, which might be expected to cause different types of disruption, has rarely been investigated. The current study examined the acoustic and phonetic consequences of N-talker noise on sentence production for a range of values of N from 1 (competing talker) to infinity (speech-shaped noise). The effect of noise on speech production increased with both the number of background talkers (N) and noise level, both of which act to increase the energetic masking effect of the noise. In a background of stationary noise, noise-induced speech was always more intelligible than speech produced in quiet, and the gain in intelligibility increased with N and noise level, suggesting that talkers modify their productions to ameliorate energetic masking at the ears of the listener. When presented in a competing talker background, speech induced by a competing talker was more intelligible than speech produced in quiet, but the scale of the effect was compatible with the energetic masking effect of the competing talker. No evidence was found of modifications to speech production which exploited the temporal structure of a competing talker.
噪声会对言语产生影响。过去曾使用过稳态噪声和嘈杂声，但对于竞争说话者的影响（预计可能会导致不同类型的干扰）却很少进行研究。当前的研究考察了N个说话者产生的噪声对句子产出的声学和语音学影响，其中N的取值范围从1（竞争说话者）到无穷大（言语形状噪声）。噪声对言语产生的影响随着背景说话者的数量（N）和噪声水平的增加而增大，这两者都会增强噪声的能量掩蔽效应。在稳态噪声背景下，噪声诱发的言语总是比安静环境中产生的言语更易理解，并且可懂度的提高随着N和噪声水平的增加而增加，这表明说话者会调整他们的言语产出以减轻对听众耳朵的能量掩蔽。当在竞争说话者背景下呈现时，竞争说话者诱发的言语比安静环境中产生的言语更易理解，但这种影响的程度与竞争说话者的能量掩蔽效应相符。未发现有利用竞争说话者的时间结构来调整言语产出的证据。
