Assadi Seyed M, Yücel Murat, Pantelis Christos
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Mar;33(3):383-93. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.10.010. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
Recent animal and human studies suggest that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and its related subcortical structures including nucleus accumbens (NAc) are in the center of a brain network that determines and pursues the best option from available alternatives. Specifically, the involvement of the dACC network in decision-making can be categorized under two broad processes of evaluation and execution. The former aims to determine the most cost-effective option while the latter aims to attain the preferred option. The present article reviews neural and molecular findings to show that the dopamine system might modulate this dACC network at multiple levels to optimize both processes. Several lines of evidence suggest that the dopamine system has a bimodal effect, allows the network to compare different representations in the evaluation phase, and focuses the network on the preferred representation in the execution phase. This is apparently achieved by modulating other neurotransmission systems and by transmitting different signals via D1 vs. D2 receptor subtypes and phasic vs. tonic firing.
最近的动物和人体研究表明，背侧前扣带回皮质（dACC）及其相关的皮质下结构，包括伏隔核（NAc），处于一个大脑网络的中心，该网络从可用的选项中确定并追求最佳选择。具体而言，dACC网络在决策中的参与可分为评估和执行这两个广泛的过程。前者旨在确定最具成本效益的选项，而后者旨在获得首选选项。本文回顾了神经学和分子学的研究结果，以表明多巴胺系统可能在多个层面调节这个dACC网络，从而优化这两个过程。几条证据表明，多巴胺系统具有双峰效应，使该网络能够在评估阶段比较不同的表征，并在执行阶段将网络聚焦于首选的表征。这显然是通过调节其他神经传递系统，以及通过D1与D2受体亚型和相位与紧张性放电传递不同信号来实现的。
