Akiyama Yuriko
King's College, University of London.
Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. 2008 Mar;54(1):19-29.
This paper focuses on the development of healthcare and health instruction in the British army in the late nineteenth to twentieth centuries. Knowledge of health, nutrition and cooking could be just as important for men as for women, even though men did not have so many opportunities to know about these things in civilian life. In fact, the greatest chance for men to learn about healthcare was in military service. Its necessity, especially regarding personal care, was acknowledged at the time of the Crimean war, although it took a long time to put improvements into practice. Cookery developed as an effective way to deliver practical knowledge about health to soldiers; indeed, cooking and healthcare instruction became a part ofArmy regulations and medical officers expected that the instruction given would translate into useful common sense for later life. Cookery education started as training for hospital cooks; later it extended to individual cooking for troops in the field. For many young men, therefore, joining the armed forces provided a unique opportunity to alter their unhealthy life style, not only for the sake of the Army but for their own benefit and that of society at large.
本文聚焦于19世纪末至20世纪英国军队中医疗保健与健康指导的发展。健康、营养和烹饪知识对男性而言与女性同样重要，尽管男性在平民生活中了解这些知识的机会不多。事实上，男性学习医疗保健的最大机会是在服兵役期间。其必要性，尤其是在个人护理方面，在克里米亚战争时期就已得到认可，尽管将改进措施付诸实践花了很长时间。烹饪发展成为向士兵传授健康实用知识的有效方式；实际上，烹饪和医疗保健指导成为了军队条例的一部分，军医们期望所传授的指导能转化为日后生活中有用的常识。烹饪教育起初是对医院厨师的培训；后来扩展到为战地部队进行个人烹饪培训。因此，对许多年轻人来说，参军提供了一个独特的机会来改变他们不健康的生活方式，这不仅是为了军队，也是为了他们自己以及整个社会的利益。
