Korkushko O V, Ivanov L A, Kobreniuk T M
Fiziol Zh (1978). 1991 Mar-Apr;37(2):37-44.
Partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveolar air and arterial blood, lung diffusion capacity and its components, ventilation parameters, ventilation-perfusion ratio were determined in healthy people aged 60-89 (45 subjects) and aged 20-31 (19 subjects, controls). In elderly and old people PO2 in arterial blood was found to decrease with increasing alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient. In other words, arterial hypoxemia was determined by the disturbance in gas exchange between alveolar air and blood of lung capillaries. The diffusion capacity of lung decreased at the expense of membrane factor. Its age-related dynamics was mainly due to a decrease in the pulmonary diffusion surface occurring because of improper coordination of ventilation and perfusion in the lungs. The discrepancy of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion proved to be the leading factor of arterial hypoxemia in late ontogenesis.
对60至89岁的健康人群（45名受试者）和20至31岁的健康人群（19名受试者，作为对照）测定了肺泡气和动脉血中氧气和二氧化碳的分压、肺弥散容量及其组成部分、通气参数、通气/血流比值。结果发现，在老年人和高龄老人中，动脉血氧分压随肺泡 - 动脉血氧分压梯度的增加而降低。换句话说，动脉低氧血症是由肺泡气与肺毛细血管血液之间气体交换紊乱所致。肺弥散容量以膜因素为代价而降低。其与年龄相关的动态变化主要是由于肺部通气与灌注协调不当导致肺弥散面积减少所致。肺通气与灌注的差异被证明是个体发育后期动脉低氧血症的主要因素。
