Varon J, Jacobs M B
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
Postgrad Med. 1991 Jul;90(1):63-6, 69-71. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1991.11700979.
Parkinson's disease affects thousands of Americans, men and women equally and apparently with little regard to race. Its diagnosis depends largely on repeated clinical observations of representative signs, such as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait disturbances. Patients progress through stages: Early disease involves only one limb or side and confers minimal disability, but advanced disease restricts patients to full care. Treatment is chosen on the basis of disease stage and patient response. Combination carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) is appropriate for any significant degree of disability, and other antiparkinsonian drugs and anticholinergic agents may be used as adjuncts. Electroconvulsive therapy, use of selegiline hydrochloride (Eldepryl), and surgery are still undergoing investigation but may hold promise.
帕金森病影响着成千上万的美国人，男性和女性受影响程度相同，且显然与种族关系不大。其诊断主要依赖于对典型症状的反复临床观察，如静止性震颤、僵硬、运动迟缓及步态障碍。患者会经历不同阶段：早期疾病仅累及一个肢体或一侧身体，导致的残疾程度最小，但晚期疾病会使患者需要完全护理。治疗方案根据疾病阶段和患者反应来选择。复方卡比多巴-左旋多巴（息宁）适用于任何显著程度的残疾情况，其他抗帕金森病药物和抗胆碱能药物可作为辅助用药。电休克疗法、盐酸司来吉兰（思吉宁）的使用以及手术仍在研究中，但可能具有前景。
