Bingham C Raymond, Shope Jean T, Zhu Jian
University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2008 Dec;9(6):515-26. doi: 10.1080/15389580802273698.
Substantial research has examined the influence of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs on driving performance; however, which psychosocial characteristics of individuals who drive while under the influence of alcohol (DUIA), marijuana (DUIM), and other drugs (DUID), how these characteristics interrelate with each other, and how they differ across degrees of substance-involved driving (SID) have not been thoroughly investigated. This article identified psychosocial predictors of SID while accounting for driving behavior and the type and level of substance use and examined the associations of psychosocial characteristics and SID with citations for traffic offenses.
Telephone survey data and state driver history records for a sample of 5,244 young adults were analyzed using t-tests and logistic and multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the correlates and predictors of substance-involved driving.
Psychosocial characteristics predicted DUIA, DUIM, and DUID when tested in separate models and adjusting for driving behavior. When the substance in question was added to each model, a unique association between psychosocial characteristics and DUIA remained, but the associations between psychosocial characteristics and DUIM and DUID were completely mediated by the frequency of marijuana use and level of other drug use in their respective models. Multinomial logistic regression predicting the degree of SID, which was based on the types and combinations of SID behaviors, showed that after controlling for the use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, psychosocial characteristics maintained a unique association with the degree of SID. Finally, when adjusting for driving behavior and psychosocial characteristics, the degree of SID predicted having a traffic offense.
These results indicate that reducing substance use is not the only means of targeting substance-involved driving. Interventions could have enhanced effectiveness if they also targeted individual psychosocial and behavioral characteristics, either to alter these behaviors or by tailoring the intervention or program for these characteristics.
大量研究探讨了酒精、大麻及其他非法药物对驾驶性能的影响；然而，对于在酒精影响下驾驶（DUIA）、大麻影响下驾驶（DUIM）以及其他药物影响下驾驶（DUID）的个体，其心理社会特征如何、这些特征如何相互关联以及在不同程度的药物影响驾驶（SID）中它们如何不同，尚未得到充分研究。本文确定了SID的心理社会预测因素，同时考虑了驾驶行为以及药物使用的类型和水平，并研究了心理社会特征和SID与交通违法罚单之间的关联。
对5244名年轻成年人样本的电话调查数据和州驾驶员历史记录进行分析，使用t检验、逻辑回归和多项逻辑回归分析来研究药物影响驾驶的相关因素和预测因素。
在单独模型中进行测试并调整驾驶行为后，心理社会特征可预测DUIA、DUIM和DUID。当将相关药物添加到每个模型中时，心理社会特征与DUIA之间仍存在独特关联，但在各自模型中，心理社会特征与DUIM和DUID之间的关联完全由大麻使用频率和其他药物使用水平介导。基于SID行为的类型和组合预测SID程度的多项逻辑回归表明，在控制酒精、大麻和其他药物的使用后，心理社会特征与SID程度仍保持独特关联。最后，在调整驾驶行为和心理社会特征后，SID程度可预测交通违法情况。
这些结果表明，减少药物使用并非针对药物影响驾驶的唯一手段。如果干预措施还针对个体的心理社会和行为特征，要么改变这些行为，要么根据这些特征量身定制干预措施或项目，那么干预措施可能会更有效。
