Roy L, Dowling A P G, Chauve C M, Buronfosse T
Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et maladies parasitaires, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2009 Mar;50(3):446-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.012. Epub 2008 Nov 27.
The genus Dermanyssus is currently composed of 24 hematophagous mite species and includes the Poultry Red Mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, a serious pest in poultry houses. Morphologically, Dermanyssus species fall into two groups corresponding to Moss'gallinae-group and to hirsutus-group+Microdermanyssus. Species of the gallinae-group exhibit high levels of morphological variability, and are nearly impossible to distinguish. Species of the second group display consistent characters and host associations and are easily distinguishable. Species of the gallinae-group tend to be the major problems in poultry houses and it is unknown whether D. gallinae is the only pest, or if there are numerous cryptic species present in the system. Twenty species of Dermanyssus were tested phylogenetically based on 46 morphological characters. A subset of species, mainly of the gallinae-group, represented each by several populations, was sequenced for two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions. This allowed testing their specific status and their interrelationships based and on morphological and molecular characters. The molecular data was analysed separately and in combination with morphological characters. As expected, morphology did a poor job resolving relationships. Molecular data proved more informative. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses brought some information about interrelationships among species of the gallinae-group showing a split into two main clades. The invasion of human managed environments seems to occur only in taxa within one of the two clades. The host spectrum seems to get enlarged in more derived taxa in the same clade. A delineation of six species within the gallinae-group is provided. Additionally, a key for morphological identification of these species is provided. D. gallinae appears to be the only pest in poultry houses, but is composed of several different and more or less strongly isolated lineages. A new species found from the black swift is described.
皮刺螨属目前由24种吸血螨类组成，其中包括鸡皮刺螨，它是家禽舍中的一种严重害虫。在形态学上，皮刺螨属的种类可分为两组，分别对应于莫斯的鸡螨组以及多毛螨组+微小皮刺螨。鸡螨组的种类表现出高度的形态变异性，几乎无法区分。第二组的种类具有一致的特征和宿主关联，易于区分。鸡螨组的种类往往是家禽舍中的主要问题，目前尚不清楚鸡皮刺螨是否是唯一的害虫，或者该系统中是否存在众多隐性物种。基于46个形态学特征对20种皮刺螨进行了系统发育测试。对一个亚组的种类（主要是鸡螨组的，每个种类由几个种群代表）进行了两个线粒体基因区域和一个核基因区域的测序。这使得能够基于形态学和分子特征来测试它们的物种地位及其相互关系。分子数据分别进行了分析，并与形态学特征相结合进行分析。正如预期的那样，形态学在解决关系方面表现不佳。分子数据证明更具信息性。由此产生的系统发育假说带来了一些关于鸡螨组物种之间相互关系的信息，显示其分为两个主要分支。人类管理环境的入侵似乎只发生在两个分支之一的类群中。宿主谱似乎在同一分支中更进化的类群中有所扩大。本文给出了鸡螨组内六个物种的划分。此外，还提供了这些物种的形态学鉴定检索表。鸡皮刺螨似乎是家禽舍中的唯一害虫，但它由几个不同且或多或少高度隔离的谱系组成。本文描述了从黑雨燕身上发现的一个新物种。
