Blaga Radu, Cretu Carmen M, Gherman Calin, Draghici Alina, Pozio Edoardo, Noeckler Karsten, Kapel Christian M O, Dida Ion, Cozma Vasile, Boireau Pascal
AFSSA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVA, UPVM, Joint Research Unit BIPAR, AFSSA LERPAZ, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
Vet Parasitol. 2009 Feb 23;159(3-4):285-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.058. Epub 2008 Oct 22.
Herbivorous animals are usually, by virtue of their diet, outside the major transmission cycles of Trichinella spp. However, since 1975, the year of the first report of human trichinellosis caused by the consumption of infected horse meat, the domestic horse has appeared as a novel vector of Trichinella spp. infection to humans, with 15 outbreaks documented in France and Italy. Romania, one of the main countries exporting horses into the European Union (EU), experienced a dramatic increase of Trichinella spp. infection in both domestic pigs and humans in the 1990s. Some Trichinella spiralis-infected horses were exported to the EU during this period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Trichinella spp. infections in horses from Romania using both direct and indirect tests. Of 3000 serum samples tested in 2001, none were positive by ELISA using three different Trichinella antigens (crude; excretory/secretory, ES; stg-BSA antigens). Of 2992 serum samples tested in 2002, 17 (0.56%) showed optical density values higher than the cut-off in an ELISA using ES antigens and one was confirmed by western blot (WB). Four of the 17 ELISA positive horses, including the horse with a confirmed serology by WB, were subjected for intensive meat examination at slaughter, but no Trichinella spp. larvae were detected. Further, no Trichinella spp. larvae were detected by trichinelloscopy and artificial digestion of 25,838 horses slaughtered in Alexandria and Timisoara between 2001 and 2004. The false positive results obtained by serology confirm the previous work on the unreliability of serology for detection of Trichinella spp. infection in horses. Furthermore, the lack of detection of Trichinella spp. infected horses by artificial digestion, suggests a very low prevalence of infection in horses in Romania.
草食性动物通常因其食性而处于旋毛虫属主要传播循环之外。然而，自1975年首次报告因食用受感染马肉导致人类旋毛虫病以来，家马已成为旋毛虫属感染人类的新载体，在法国和意大利记录有15起疫情。罗马尼亚是向欧盟出口马匹的主要国家之一，在20世纪90年代，国内猪和人类的旋毛虫属感染率急剧上升。在此期间，一些感染旋毛虫的马匹被出口到欧盟。本研究的目的是使用直接和间接检测方法评估罗马尼亚马匹中旋毛虫属感染的患病率。在2001年检测的3000份血清样本中，使用三种不同的旋毛虫抗原（粗抗原；排泄/分泌抗原，ES；阶段特异性牛血清白蛋白抗原）进行ELISA检测，无一呈阳性。在2002年检测的2992份血清样本中，17份（0.56%）在使用ES抗原的ELISA检测中光密度值高于临界值，其中1份经蛋白质印迹法（WB）确认。17份ELISA阳性的马匹中有4匹，包括经WB确认血清学的马匹，在屠宰时接受了详细的肉检，但未检测到旋毛虫属幼虫。此外，在2001年至2004年期间，对在亚历山德里亚和蒂米什瓦拉屠宰的25838匹马进行旋毛虫镜检和人工消化，未检测到旋毛虫属幼虫。血清学获得的假阳性结果证实了先前关于血清学检测马匹旋毛虫属感染不可靠的研究。此外，通过人工消化未检测到感染旋毛虫的马匹，表明罗马尼亚马匹的感染率非常低。
