Membrane Protein Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Channels (Austin). 2008 Sep-Oct;2(5):337-45. doi: 10.4161/chan.2.5.6899.
Anion exchanger proteins facilitate the exchange of bicarbonate for chloride across the plasma membrane. When bicarbonate combines with a proton it undergoes conversion into CO₂, either spontaneously, or catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase enzymes. The CO₂/HCO₃⁻ equilibrium is the body's central pH buffering system. Rapid bicarbonate transport across the plasma membrane is essential to maintain cellular and whole body pH, to dispose of metabolic waste CO₂, and to control fluid movement in our bodies. Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻ exchangers are found in two distinct gene families: SLC4A and SLC26A. Differences in the tissue distribution, electrogenicity, and regulation of the specific anion exchanger proteins allow for precise regulation of bicarbonate transport throughout the human body. This review provides a look into the structural and functional features that make this family of proteins unique, as well as the physiological significance of the different anion exchangers.
阴离子交换蛋白促进了质膜两侧碳酸氢根和氯离子的交换。当碳酸氢根与质子结合时，它会自发转化为二氧化碳，或者被碳酸酐酶催化。CO₂/HCO₃⁻平衡是人体的中枢 pH 缓冲系统。快速跨质膜转运碳酸氢根对于维持细胞和全身 pH、排出代谢废物 CO₂以及控制体内液体流动至关重要。Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻交换蛋白存在于两个不同的基因家族：SLC4A 和 SLC26A。特定阴离子交换蛋白的组织分布、电生理学特性和调节的差异，使得碳酸氢根在人体全身的转运能够得到精确调节。本文综述了该蛋白家族的结构和功能特性，以及不同阴离子交换蛋白的生理意义。
