Bauer Frank, Usher Marius, Müller Hermann J
Department of Psychology, Allgemeine und Experimentelle Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2009 Mar;73(2):287-301. doi: 10.1007/s00426-008-0217-8. Epub 2008 Dec 9.
Within a 3 x 3 matrix of 90 degrees corner junctions, detection of a Kanizsa-type square is facilitated when the target display is preceded by a 40-Hz flickering premask of 3 x 3 crosses, with four crosses synchronously oscillating at the subsequent target location. To examine whether this 'synchrony-priming' effect is influenced by, or dependent on, visuo-spatial attention, a spatial-cueing manipulation was introduced. Observers were presented with a visual or acoustic cue which indicated the likely target quadrant. The main finding was that synchrony priming was larger for invalidly, compared with validly, cued locations, and that the priming effect was figural, rather than spatial, in nature (i.e., confined to points associated with the completed boundary, rather than extending to the inner region, defined by the synchronous premask elements). This pattern of effects argues that target processing is expedited not by attracting spatial attention to the primed location, but by the prime expediting (figure-specific) target encoding, as a result of which the target position gains a processing and selection advantage relative to non-primed locations.
在一个由90度角连接组成的3×3矩阵中，当目标显示之前有一个3×3十字形的40赫兹闪烁预掩蔽，且四个十字形在后续目标位置同步振荡时，更容易检测到卡尼萨型正方形。为了研究这种“同步启动”效应是否受视觉空间注意的影响或依赖于视觉空间注意，引入了一种空间线索操纵。向观察者呈现视觉或听觉线索，指示可能的目标象限。主要发现是，与有效提示位置相比，无效提示位置的同步启动更大，并且启动效应本质上是图形的，而非空间的（即，局限于与完整边界相关的点，而不是扩展到由同步预掩蔽元素定义的内部区域）。这种效应模式表明，目标处理不是通过将空间注意吸引到启动位置来加速的，而是通过启动加速（特定图形的）目标编码来实现的，结果是目标位置相对于未启动位置获得了处理和选择优势。
