Yildirim Ismet, Yapici Binnur Meriçli
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Apr 15;10(8):1294-300. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.1294.1300.
Fungal activities of food additives, potassium sorbate, methylparaben, sodium benzoate, propylparaben, sorbic acid and plant activators harpin-protein and potassium dioxide were comparatively examined with ipradion in vitro conditions on two isolates of Botrytis cinerea obtained from strawberry fruits. Food additives and plant activators showed inhibitory effect at different levels on the mycelial growth of fungus isolates. According to the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), sorbic acid (300 microg mL(-1) for each isolate) and comparison fungicide ipradion (10 microg mL(-1) for each isolate) displayed the highest inhibition effect on the radial mycelial growth of fungal isolates. Similar efficacy was obtained at the highest dose (1000 microg mL(-1)) from other additives propylparaben (for both isolates), potassium sorbet and methylparaben (for isolate 1) and from plant activator potassium oxide. It was detected that all alternative substances has high inhibition activity according to ED50 values. Methylparaben, harpin-protein and potassium oxide revealed efficacies similar to ipradion. While harpin-protein did not have any effect on B. Cinerea germination, other alternative substances excluding potassium sorbate inhibited germination completely at differing doses. Potassium oxide and food additives except potassium sorbate inhibited the spore germination of isolates by 50% at doses between 25-345 microg mL(-1). MIC value of ipradion on spore germination of isolate-1 and isolate-2 was determined as 10 and 30 microg mL(-1), while ED50 values were determined as 2.9 and 12.5 microg mL(-1), respectively. Data obtained from the research verified that food additives may be used in traditional and organic agriculture individually, or in appropriate combination with each other or with fungicides. Moreover, the study put forth that harpin-protein and potassium oxide not only activate plants against pathogens, but they may also have toxic effect on different growth periods of fungus. Although ipradion works only with two isolates, its MIC and ED50 values were considered noteworthy in terms of the resistance risk of B. cinerea.
在体外条件下，用异菌脲对从草莓果实中分离得到的两株灰葡萄孢菌，比较研究了食品添加剂山梨酸钾、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸钠、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、山梨酸以及植物激活剂harpin蛋白和二氧化钾的抑菌活性。食品添加剂和植物激活剂对真菌分离株的菌丝生长均表现出不同程度的抑制作用。根据最低抑菌浓度（MIC），山梨酸（每株分离株为300μg mL⁻¹）和对照杀菌剂异菌脲（每株分离株为10μg mL⁻¹）对真菌分离株的径向菌丝生长表现出最高的抑制作用。从其他添加剂对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（对两株分离株均如此）、山梨酸钾和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（对分离株1）以及植物激活剂氧化钾在最高剂量（1000μg mL⁻¹）时也获得了类似的效果。根据半数有效剂量（ED50）值检测到所有替代物质均具有较高的抑制活性。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、harpin蛋白和氧化钾显示出与异菌脲相似的效果。虽然harpin蛋白对灰葡萄孢菌的萌发没有任何影响，但除山梨酸钾外的其他替代物质在不同剂量下均能完全抑制萌发。氧化钾和除山梨酸钾外的食品添加剂在25 - 345μg mL⁻¹的剂量下能抑制分离株孢子萌发率达50%。异菌脲对分离株1和分离株2孢子萌发的MIC值分别确定为10和30μg mL⁻¹，而ED50值分别确定为2.9和12.5μg mL⁻¹。研究获得的数据证实，食品添加剂可单独用于传统农业和有机农业，或相互适当组合使用，或与杀菌剂组合使用。此外，该研究还指出，harpin蛋白和氧化钾不仅能激活植物抵抗病原体，而且它们可能对真菌的不同生长阶段也具有毒性作用。虽然异菌脲仅对两株分离株有效，但其MIC和ED50值在灰葡萄孢菌的抗性风险方面被认为是值得关注的。
