Duan Huabo, Eugster Martin, Hischier Roland, Streicher-Porte Martin, Li Jinhui
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Feb 15;407(5):1755-64. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.063. Epub 2008 Dec 12.
Associated with the tremendous prosperity in world electronic information and telecommunication industry, there continues to be an increasing awareness of the environmental impacts related to the accelerating mass production, electricity use, and waste management of electronic and electric products (e-products). China's importance as both a consumer and supplier of e-products has grown at an unprecedented pace in recent decade. Hence, this paper aims to describe the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance of Chinese e-products from a global level. A desktop personal computer system has been selected to carry out a detailed and modular LCA which follows the ISO 14040 series. The LCA is constructed by SimaPro software version 7.0 and expressed with the Eco-indicator'99 life cycle impact assessment method. For a sensitivity analysis of the overall LCA results, the so-called CML method is used in order to estimate the influence of the choice of the assessment method on the result. Life cycle inventory information is complied by ecoinvent 1.3 databases, combined with literature and field investigations on the present Chinese situation. The established LCA study shows that that the manufacturing and the use of such devices are of the highest environmental importance. In the manufacturing of such devices, the integrated circuits (ICs) and the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) are those parts contributing most to the impact. As no other aspects are taken into account during the use phase, the impact is due to the way how the electricity is produced. The final process steps--i.e. the end of life phase--lead to a clear environmental benefit if a formal and modern, up-to-date technical system is assumed, like here in this study.
伴随着世界电子信息和电信行业的巨大繁荣，人们越来越意识到与电子和电气产品（电子产品）加速大规模生产、电力使用及废物管理相关的环境影响。近十年来，中国作为电子产品消费国和供应国的重要性以前所未有的速度增长。因此，本文旨在描述生命周期评估（LCA）的应用，以便从全球层面调查中国电子产品的环境绩效。已选择台式个人计算机系统来进行详细的模块化LCA，该LCA遵循ISO 14040系列标准。LCA由SimaPro软件7.0版本构建，并采用Eco-indicator'99生命周期影响评估方法进行表述。为了对LCA总体结果进行敏感性分析，使用了所谓的CML方法来估计评估方法的选择对结果的影响。生命周期清单信息由ecoinvent 1.3数据库整理，并结合关于中国现状的文献和实地调查。已建立的LCA研究表明，此类设备的制造和使用具有最高的环境重要性。在制造此类设备时，集成电路（IC）和液晶显示器（LCD）是对环境影响最大的部件。由于在使用阶段未考虑其他方面，影响来自电力生产方式。如果假设采用正式、现代且最新的技术系统，如本研究中所述，那么最终的工艺步骤——即寿命结束阶段——会带来明显的环境效益。
