Dong G-H, Ma Y-N, Ding H-L, Jin J, Cao Y, Zhao Y-D, He Q-C
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd, Shenyang, China.
Indoor Air. 2009 Apr;19(2):166-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00576.x. Epub 2008 Dec 8.
The effects of pet exposure and parental atopy on respiratory symptoms were investigated in 12,910 children residing in twelve districts of northeast China. Responses to a self-administered questionnaire completed by parents of children were used to ascertain children with persistent cough, persistent phlegm, doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma and current wheeze. Exposure to animals during pregnancy was positively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma [adjusted odds ratio (ORs), 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-2.57], current asthma (adjusted OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.95-4.81) and asthma-related symptoms. Pet exposure in the first year of life and currently having animals in household were also related to a significantly higher prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma and asthma-related symptoms in these children. Associations with respiratory symptoms strengthened with higher levels of animal exposure. Parental atopy increased the risk of asthma diagnosis (OR, 3.49; 95%CI, 2.84-4.30), current asthma (OR, 3.94; 95%CI, 2.81-5.54) and asthma-related symptoms. There was an interaction between parental atopy and pet exposure in persistent phlegm, but not in doctor-diagnosed asthma. We conclude that pet keeping and parental atopy increased the risk of respiratory symptoms in children. Parental atopy did modify the effect of pet exposure on persistent phlegm but not on doctor-diagnosed asthma.
The relationship between exposure to animals and allergic respiratory diseases in childhood is controversial. Inconsistent with other cross-sectional studies mostly conducted in industrialized countries, our study indicates that exposure to animals may increase the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in children, and the associations with respiratory symptoms strengthened with higher levels of animal exposure parental atopy did modify the effect of pet exposure on persistent phlegm but not on doctor-diagnosed asthma. These findings support the view that measures should be taken to reduce animal exposure for children in China.
对居住在中国东北十二个地区的12910名儿童进行了宠物接触和父母特应性对呼吸道症状影响的调查。通过父母填写的自填问卷来确定患有持续性咳嗽、持续性咳痰、医生诊断的哮喘、当前哮喘和当前喘息的儿童。孕期接触动物与医生诊断的哮喘呈正相关[调整优势比（OR）为1.86；95%置信区间（CI）为1.35 - 2.57]、当前哮喘（调整OR为3.06；95%CI为1.95 - 4.81）以及哮喘相关症状。出生后第一年接触宠物以及家中目前饲养动物也与这些儿童中医生诊断的哮喘和哮喘相关症状的显著更高患病率相关。随着动物接触水平的提高，与呼吸道症状的关联增强。父母特应性增加了哮喘诊断风险（OR为3.49；95%CI为2.84 - 4.30）、当前哮喘（OR为3.94；95%CI为2.81 - 5.54）以及哮喘相关症状的风险。在持续性咳痰方面，父母特应性与宠物接触之间存在交互作用，但在医生诊断的哮喘方面不存在。我们得出结论，饲养宠物和父母特应性增加了儿童呼吸道症状的风险。父母特应性确实改变了宠物接触对持续性咳痰的影响，但未改变对医生诊断哮喘的影响。
儿童期接触动物与过敏性呼吸道疾病之间的关系存在争议。与大多在工业化国家进行的其他横断面研究不同，我们的研究表明，接触动物可能增加儿童呼吸道症状和疾病的发生，并且随着动物接触水平的提高，与呼吸道症状的关联增强。父母特应性确实改变了宠物接触对持续性咳痰的影响，但未改变对医生诊断哮喘的影响。这些发现支持了在中国应采取措施减少儿童接触动物这一观点。
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