Kawohl Wolfram, Rössler Wulf
Klinik für Soziale Psychiatrie und Allgemeinpsychiatrie, ZH West, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich.
Neuropsychiatr. 2008;22(4):223-9.
The issue, whether the use of cannabis contains a higher risk to develop psychotic disorders, is disputed since the 1930s. Two questions are of central concern: Firstly, if the use of cannabis is causal for the development of psychotic disorders, and secondly, what the neurobiological connection consists of. In this review we give an overview on epidemiological studies concerning the issue and on neurobiological studies on the effects of cannabis in the brain. On the basis of cohort studies that have been conducted within the last decades and recent meta-analyses the hypothesized connection between cannabis use und psychotic disorders can be corroborated. The risk to develop psychotic symptoms and also schizophrenic psychoses is thus explicitly elevated for young people who use cannabis. Cannabis use can be considered a component cause, a dose dependency exists. An information of the public concerning this matter is required in order to prevent a rising incidence of psychotic disorders in times of an increasing ease of handling of cannabis.
自20世纪30年代以来，大麻使用是否会增加患精神障碍的风险这一问题一直存在争议。有两个核心问题备受关注：其一，大麻使用是否是精神障碍发病的原因；其二，神经生物学联系是什么。在本综述中，我们概述了关于该问题的流行病学研究以及大麻对大脑影响的神经生物学研究。基于过去几十年进行的队列研究和近期的荟萃分析，大麻使用与精神障碍之间的假设联系得到了证实。因此，使用大麻的年轻人出现精神症状以及精神分裂症性精神病的风险明显升高。大麻使用可被视为一个促成因素，存在剂量依赖性。为防止在大麻获取日益容易的时代精神障碍发病率上升，需要向公众提供有关此事的信息。
