Wyszkowski Mirosław, Ziólkowska Agnieszka
Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2009 Feb;74(6):860-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.035. Epub 2008 Dec 9.
The studies have been initiated to find a way to use compost, bentonite and calcium oxide in order to reduce the effect of contaminated soil with a small amount of petrol or diesel oil on the yield and nitrogen content in crop plants--spring rape and oats cultivated as the main and aftercrop. Petrol and diesel oil had a toxic effect on the growth of the plants and modified nitrogen content, with the intensity of the effect depending upon their type and dose and on the type of applied substance reducing the effect of oil derivatives. Spring rape (main crop), was more sensitive, and oats (aftercrop) was less so. Petroleum-derived substances reduced the yield of spring rape by a maximum of 73% for petrol and by as much as 99% for diesel oil. Nitrogen content was higher for spring rape than for oats and larger for petrol than for diesel oil. Adding bentonite, calcium oxide or compost to the soil contaminated with oil derivatives usually reduced the negative effect of petrol and diesel oil on plant growth and reduced the protein nitrogen content and increased the total nitrogen content in plants. Bentonite proved to be the most effective, with calcium oxide and compost slightly less so. The most positive results were obtained for spring rape as the main crop. An addition of compost, bentonite and calcium oxide to soil had a stronger modifying effect on nitrogen content in plants on soils contaminated by diesel oil than petrol.
已开展多项研究，旨在探寻一种利用堆肥、膨润土和氧化钙的方法，以减轻少量汽油或柴油污染土壤对作物产量及氮含量的影响，这些作物包括作为主要作物和后作种植的春油菜和燕麦。汽油和柴油对植物生长具有毒性作用，并会改变氮含量，其影响强度取决于它们的类型和剂量以及所施用的减轻油类衍生物影响的物质类型。春油菜（主要作物）更为敏感，而燕麦（后作）则相对不那么敏感。石油衍生物质使春油菜产量最多降低73%（汽油），柴油则高达99%。春油菜的氮含量高于燕麦，汽油导致的氮含量变化幅度大于柴油。向受油类衍生物污染的土壤中添加膨润土、氧化钙或堆肥，通常会减轻汽油和柴油对植物生长的负面影响，降低植物中的蛋白质氮含量，并增加植物中的总氮含量。膨润土被证明是最有效的，氧化钙和堆肥的效果稍逊一筹。作为主要作物的春油菜取得了最积极的成果。向土壤中添加堆肥、膨润土和氧化钙，对柴油污染土壤上植物氮含量的调节作用比对汽油污染土壤更强。
