Vasilakis Nikos, Weaver Scott C
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
Adv Virus Res. 2008;72:1-76. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)00401-6.
Dengue viruses (DENV) are the most important human arboviral pathogens. Transmission in tropical and subtropical regions of the world includes a sylvatic, enzootic cycle between nonhuman primates and arboreal mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, and an urban, endemic/epidemic cycle principally between Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that exploits peridomestic water containers as its larval habitats, and human reservoir hosts that are preferred for blood feeding. Genetic studies suggest that all four serotypes of endemic/epidemic DENV evolved independently from ancestral, sylvatic viruses and subsequently became both ecologically and evolutionarily distinct. The independent evolution of these four serotypes was accompanied by the expansion of the sylvatic progenitors' host range in Asia to new vectors and hosts, which probably occurred gradually over a period of several hundred years. Although many emerging viral pathogens adapt to human replication and transmission, the available evidence indicates that adaptation to humans is probably not a necessary component of sylvatic DENV emergence. These findings imply that the sylvatic DENV cycles in Asia and West Africa will remain a potential source of re-emergence. Sustained urban vector control programs and/or human vaccination will be required to control DEN because the enzootic vectors and primate reservoir hosts are not amenable to interventions.
登革病毒（DENV）是最重要的人类虫媒病毒病原体。在世界热带和亚热带地区，其传播包括在非人灵长类动物和伊蚊属树栖蚊子之间的丛林型、动物病流行周期，以及主要在埃及伊蚊（一种利用家庭周边水容器作为幼虫栖息地的蚊子）和作为血液来源首选的人类储存宿主之间的城市型、地方病/流行病周期。遗传学研究表明，地方病/流行病型登革病毒的所有四种血清型均从祖先丛林病毒独立进化而来，随后在生态和进化上变得截然不同。这四种血清型的独立进化伴随着丛林型祖先宿主范围在亚洲向新的媒介和宿主的扩展，这可能在几百年的时间里逐渐发生。尽管许多新兴病毒病原体适应人类复制和传播，但现有证据表明，适应人类可能不是丛林型登革病毒出现的必要条件。这些发现意味着亚洲和西非的丛林型登革病毒循环仍将是再次出现的潜在来源。由于动物病流行媒介和灵长类动物储存宿主不适合进行干预，因此需要持续的城市病媒控制计划和/或人类疫苗接种来控制登革热。
