Fauran P
Le Chantilly, Nice.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1996;89(2):163-4; discussion 165.
Since the 1940s, the dengue epidemics occur more and more often in the Pacific islands with an increased severity. For example, in New Caledonia, outbreaks of dengue-like diseases have been reported since the end of the last century but the first epidemic due to an identified virus occurred in 1942-1943 and was caused by the DEN-1 type. The next, due to the DEN-2 type, was reported thirty years later, in 1972-1973. After that, three outbreaks burst between 1975 and 1990, caused successively by dengue types 1, 4 and 3 but from 1985, human strains of different types were isolated at the same time. The vector control measures, mainly aerial ULV spraying had a variable efficacy. The most important vector was Aedes aegypti but dengue virus strains were also isolated from other mosquito species (Aedes vigilax, Culex annulirostris, C. bitaeniorhynchus, Coquillettidia xanthogaster); their role in the interhuman transmission of dengue was not demonstrated. In New Caledonia, the development of international travels, an extension of suburbs and an increased insecticide resistance of Ae. aegypti are the obvious causes of the problem but an unknown transmission cycle, involving different hosts and vectors may also be suspected.
自20世纪40年代以来，登革热疫情在太平洋岛屿越来越频繁地发生，且严重程度不断增加。例如，在新喀里多尼亚，自上世纪末以来就有登革热样疾病爆发的报告，但首次由已识别病毒引起的疫情发生在1942 - 1943年，由DEN - 1型病毒引起。下一次疫情，由DEN - 2型病毒引起，是在30年后的1972 - 1973年报告的。此后，在1975年至1990年间爆发了三次疫情，依次由登革热1型、4型和3型引起，但从1985年起，不同类型的人间毒株同时被分离出来。病媒控制措施，主要是空中超低容量喷雾，效果不一。最重要的病媒是埃及伊蚊，但登革热病毒毒株也从其他蚊种（白纹伊蚊、环喙库蚊、双带喙库蚊、黄腹库蚊）中分离出来；它们在登革热人际传播中的作用尚未得到证实。在新喀里多尼亚，国际旅行的发展、郊区的扩展以及埃及伊蚊对杀虫剂抗性的增加是问题的明显原因，但也可能怀疑存在涉及不同宿主和病媒的未知传播循环。
