Wilson A Peter R, Ostro Paul, Magnussen Marita, Cooper Ben
Department of Microbiology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
Am J Infect Control. 2008 Dec;36(10):e19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.09.001.
An ideal computer keyboard for clinical use would be easily cleanable and cleaned by staff, meet acceptable levels of usability, and not attract hospital bacteria.
In vitro studies were performed to demonstrate bacterial transfer between keyboard surfaces and gloves. This was followed by a usability study and a controlled trial of keyboard contamination in an intensive care unit both with and without an alarm to indicate the need for cleaning. Eight cleanable keyboards were placed at random beds and compared with standard keyboards.
Bacteria were most easily removed from a flat silicone-coated surface. The total viable count on flat keyboards with an alarm was lower than that on standard or other cleanable keyboards (median, 19 colony-forming units [cfu] (interquartile range, 7 to 40 cfu), n = 34; 65 cfu (33 to 140 cfu), n = 50; and 40 cfu (21 to 57 cfu), n = 80). Compliance with hand hygiene before touching the standard keyboard was 27%, but the alarmed keyboard was cleaned on 87% of occasions on which the alarm was triggered. The usability study found the flat profile of the cleanable keyboard did not interfere with routine use, except for touch-typing.
The flat keyboard with an alarm is easy to clean, and it use is associated with better cleaning compliance.
一款理想的临床用电脑键盘应易于清洁且工作人员能够进行清洁，具备可接受的易用性水平，并且不会滋生医院细菌。
进行体外研究以证明键盘表面与手套之间的细菌转移。随后开展了一项易用性研究以及在重症监护病房进行的键盘污染对照试验，该试验分为有清洁提醒警报和无清洁提醒警报两种情况。将八个可清洁键盘随机放置在病床处，并与标准键盘进行比较。
细菌最容易从平坦的硅胶涂层表面清除。带有警报的平坦键盘上的总活菌数低于标准键盘或其他可清洁键盘（中位数，19个菌落形成单位[cfu]（四分位间距，7至40 cfu），n = 34；65 cfu（33至140 cfu），n = 50；以及40 cfu（21至57 cfu），n = 80）。接触标准键盘前的手卫生依从率为27%，但警报触发时，带警报的键盘有87%的情况得到了清洁。易用性研究发现，可清洁键盘的平坦外形除了对盲打有影响外，不干扰日常使用。
带警报的平坦键盘易于清洁，其使用与更高的清洁依从性相关。
